Table 1. Drugs in clinical trials with the mode of action and associated adverse effects.

Drugs	Mode of action	Complications	Ref.
Chloroquine/hydrochloroquine	Impaired binding of SARS-CoV-2 spikes proteins with angiotensin-converting enzyme-2	Nausea, vomiting, blurred vision, rashes, headache	[6–8]
Remdesivir	Inhibits RNA virus replication	ARDS, multi-organ dysfunction, cardiopulmonary failure, secondary infection, recurrence of COVID-19	[9,10]
Lopinavir/ritonavir	HIV-1 protease inhibitor	Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, ineffective to clear viral load	[11]
Favipiravir	Inhibits viral RNA polymerase	Increased serum uric acid	[12]
Corticosteroids	Mitigate hyper-immune response	Delays viral clearance, associated with mortality	[13–15]

ARDS: Acute respiratory distress syndrome.