Table 1.

Characteristics of studies included.

Study	Country	Study design	Participants	Interventions	Main outcomes
Levy et al[30] 2008	USA	Uncontrolled retrospective study	18 patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer, 18 patients with chronic pancreatitis	EUS-CGN and EUS-CGB	Pain relief, adverse events
Ascunce et al[22] 2011	USA	Retrospective cohort study	64 patients with pancreatic cancer	EUS-CGN vs EUS-CPN (bilateral)	Pain relief, narcotic usage, adverse events
Doi et al[18] 2013	Japan	RCT	68 patients with malignant tumor in the upper abdomen	EUS-CGN vs EUS-CPN (central)	Pain relief, duration of pain relief, adverse events
Hao et al[23] 2014	China	Retrospective cohort study	41 patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer	EUS-CGN vs EUS-CPN	Pain relief, duration of pain relief, adverse events
Levy et al[19] 2019	USA	RCT	110 patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer or refused surgery	EUS-CGN + CPN vs EUS-CPN (bilateral)	Pain relief, survival, QoL, performance status, morphine response, adverse events