Table 4.
The anthropometric characteristics, pancreatic abnormalities, lifestyle-related diseases, glucose and lipid profiles, and hepatic abnormalities for 919 participants in each liver steatosis grade from 0 to 3.
| Grade 0 | Grade 1 | Grade 2 | Grade 3 | P-value | |||
| Liver steatosis grade by US | (n = 605) | (n = 71) | (n = 76) | (n = 167) | 0 versus 1 | 0 versus 2 | 0 versus 3 |
| Age, yrs | 59.6 ± 13.9 | 60.6 ± 11.9 | 60.1 ± 12.3 | 58.2 ± 11.3 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 |
| Sex, males/females (n) | 281/324 | 42/29 | 53/23 | 123/44 | <.001 | ||
| Weight, kg | 57.7 ± 10.6 | 64.1 ± 10.5 | 67.7 ± 10.0 | 75.9 ± 12.8 | <.001 | <.001 | <.001 |
| BMI | 22.1 ± 2.9 | 24.3 ± 2.8 | 24.9 ± 2.5 | 27.5 ± 3.9 | <.001 | <.001 | <.001 |
| Waist circumference, cm | 81.4 ± 8.6 | 87.1 ± 6.8 | 89.0 ± 6.0 | 95.2 ± 9.0 | <.001 | <.001 | <.001 |
| Pancreatic abnormalities | |||||||
| Amylase | 87.1 ± 28.6 | 77.4 ± 27.7 | 73.6 ± 21.2 | 69.7 ± 20.2 | .022 | <.001 | <.001 |
| Lipase | 33.5 ± 22.8 | 31.2 ± 12.0 | 31.2 ± 10.4 | 33.0 ± 12.7 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 |
| Normal pancreas/fatty pancreas (n) | 421/184 | 20/51 | 22/54 | 26/141 | <.001 | ||
| Brightness of pancreas, low/medium/high | 278/211/116 | 10/26/35 | 11/24/41 | 7/45/115 | <.001 | ||
| Brightness score of pancreas | 99.4 ± 24.1 | 119.7 ± 21.7 | 123.7 ± 22.5 | 128.8 ± 17.6 | <.001 | <.001 | <.001 |
| Pancreatic cyst (%) | 5.6 | 4.4 | 7.0 | 5.5 | .732 | ||
| Life style-related diseases | |||||||
| Hypertention (%) | 6.9 | 11.3 | 9.2 | 19.8 | <.001 | ||
| Diabetes mellitus (%) | 4.6 | 4.2 | 18.4 | 28.7 | <.001 | ||
| Dyslipidemia (%) | 27.1 | 52.1 | 51.3 | 62.9 | <.001 | ||
| Metabolic syndrome (%) | 15.2 | 32.4 | 47.4 | 75.4 | <.001 | ||
| Frequency of alcohol intake 0/1/2 | 316/170/119 | 33/21/17 | 32/20/24 | 77/45/45 | .176 | ||
| Amount of alcohol intake 0/1/2 | 451/105/40 | 48/16/5 | 44/15/15 | 106/30/29 | <.001 | ||
| Gallbladder stones (%) | 4.8 | 15.5 | 7.9 | 14.4 | <.001 | ||
| Glucose metabolism and lipid profiles | |||||||
| FPG, mg/dL | 81.4 ± 8.6 | 87.1 ± 6.8 | 89.0 ± 6.0 | 95.2 ± 9.0 | <.001 | <.001 | <.001 |
| HbA1c, % | 5.6 ± 0.4 | 5.8 ± 0.3 | 5.8 ± 0.6 | 6.1 ± 0.8 | .388 | .007 | <.001 |
| HDL-C, mg/dL | 67.2 ± 16.7 | 57.8 ± 12.0 | 56.5 ± 13.0 | 52.4 ± 12.4 | <.001 | <.001 | <.001 |
| LDL-C, mg/dL | 118.0 ± 28.6 | 126.3 ± 30.3 | 123.3 ± 26.4 | 124.4 ± 29.9 | .131 | .776 | .069 |
| TG, mg/dL | 87.4 ± 45.9 | 131.8 ± 70.2 | 136.1 ± 69.0 | 165.7 ± 183.9 | .001 | <.001 | <.001 |
| Triglyceride and glucose (TyG) index | 8.3 ± 0.5 | 8.7 ± 0.5 | 8.8 ± 0.5 | 9.0 ± 0.6 | <.001 | <.001 | <.001 |
| Hepatic abnormalities | |||||||
| Platelet, ×1010/L | 23.3 ± 5.8 | 24.1 ± 4.4 | 22.9 ± 5.3 | 24.0 ± 5.6 | 1.000 | 1.000 | .757 |
| Albumin, g/dL | 4.4 ± 0.3 | 4.4 ± 0.2 | 4.4 ± 0.3 | 4.5 ± 0.2 | .613 | 1.000 | <.001 |
| AST, U/L | 22.5 ± 7.2 | 22.2 ± 6.1 | 25.2 ± 7.7 | 30.1 ± 13.9 | 1.000 | .061 | <.001 |
| ALT, U/L | 18.6 ± 10.1 | 20.7 ± 8.4 | 25.4 ± 11.3 | 39.8 ± 22.9 | 1.000 | <.001 | <.001 |
| ALP, U/L | 205.2 ± 65.1 | 216.8 ± 77.0 | 208.5 ± 62.8 | 224.7 ± 59.8 | .934 | 1.000 | .004 |
| γ-GT, U/L | 28.0 ± 30.4 | 37.2 ± 37.5 | 50.4 ± 61.7 | 54.3 ± 56.5 | .409 | <.001 | <.001 |
| Fib-4 index | 1.5 ± 0.7 | 1.3 ± 0.6 | 1.5 ± 0.8 | 1.3 ± 0.6 | .359 | 1.000 | .002 |
| Hepatic steatosis index (HSI) | 29.8 ± 3.8 | 32.6 ± 4.0 | 33.9 ± 3.4 | 39.0 ± 5.4 | <.001 | <.001 | <.001 |