Table 2.
Details of the treatment conditions.
| Intervention | Intervention time and frequence | |||||
| Author (publication year) | E | C | E | C | Outcome measures | Follow-up period |
| Hiller and Haerkötter (2005)[15] | TE with NG | TE without NG | Four 90-min weekly sessions with behind-the-ear (bte) broadband white NGs, 1 for each ear | Four 90-min weekly sessions without NG | TQ; T-Cog; VAS tinnitus loudness; VAS tinnitus unpleasantness; VAS control of tinnitus; WI; DAQ | 18 mo |
| CBT with NG | CBT without NG | Ten 120-min sessions with behind-the-ear (bte) broadband white NGs, 1 for each ear | Ten 120-min sessions without NG | |||
| Caffier et al (2006)[16] | TCT with TCIs | TCT without TCI devices | Counseling, fitting patients with TCIs (TCI provision), auditory and relaxation training and psychosomatic care | Counseling, auditory and relaxation training and psychosomatic care without TCI | TQ; VAS loudness; VAS annoyance; VAS awareness | 24 mo |
| Wang et al (2010)[17] | Sound information therapy | Drug therapy | Sound information therapy 10 consecutive daily sessions | Microcirculation and neurotrophic drug treatment | Effective rate | 0 |
| Westin et al (2011)[18] | TRT | ACT | Sound therapy and retraining counseling. Patients were given a 30 min follow-up session over telephone following the same principles. The treatment went on for 18 months in total | 1 time weekly,a maximum of 10 sessions was offered and each session was set to be 60 min | THI; ISI; QOLI; HADS; CGI-I; TAQ | 18 mo |
| WLC | Waiting for treatment with no therapy | |||||
| Deng et al (2012)[19] | TRT | Drug therapy | Narrowband noise 2–3 times/d, 10 min 1 time for 1 month combined with counseling therapy | Expand blood vessels neurotrophic anxiolytic drug treatment | Effective rate | NA |
| Yang (2014)[20] | Sound therapy with drug treatment | Drug therapy | Sound therapy 1 h/d for 4–6 mo combined with taking Flunarizine orally | Flunarizine 10 mg every night, a 12 days of treatment course, 3 courses as total. | Effective rate | NA |
| Luo et al (2014)[21] | Sound information therapy with drug therapy | Drug therapy | Sound information therapy 1 time/d for 10 days as a course with drug therapy | Take Flunarizine, Ginkgo biloba, Betahistine, VitB orally | Effective rate | NA |
| Liu et al (2015)[22] | Composite acoustic therapy combined with drug therapy | Drug therapy | Acoustic therapy 2 times a day for 30 min with drug therapy | Methylprednisolone, Ginkgo-damole, and Caisch intravenous injection 1 time a day combined with taking Mecobalamin orally 3 times a day for 14 d | VAS, THI, SAS, Hearing recovery rate | 3 mo |
| Zhang et al (2015)[23] | Sound therapy | Drug therapy | Sound therapy 30–45 min, twice a day, 4 weeks as a course for 2 courses | Flunarizine hydrochloride 10 mg with Clonazepam 5 mg once a day for 4 weeks | Effective rate | NA |
| Henry et al (2016)[24] | TM | TED | NA | NA | THI | 18 mo |
| TRT | WLC | NA | No treatment | |||
| Wang et al (2017)[25] | TRT with drug therapy | Drug therapy | Masking, relaxation training, distracting, counseling, and drug therapy | NA | Effective rate | 6 mo |
| Han (2017)[26] | Sound information therapy with drug therapy | Drug therapy | Sound information therapy once a day for 20–30 min with drug therapy | Compound Danshen, energy mixture and VitB6 | Effective rate | NA |
| Bauer et al (2017)[27] | TRT | SC | Broadband noise and counseling | General aural rehabilitation counseling distributed over 3 1-h sessions, using a standardized SC Powerpoint presentation | THI, TFI, TIQ, TEQ | 18 mo |
| Wang et al (2018)[28] | Sound therapy | Sound therapy with drug therapy | Sound stimulation 30 min twice a day for 3 mo | Sound stimulation 30 min twice a day for 3 mo with oral Chinese traditional medicine twice a day for 1 week | Effective rate | 3 mo |
| Liu et al (2018)[29] | TRT with drug therapy | Drug therapy | Composite acoustic therapy, counseling combined with Methylprednisolone, Ginkgo-damole Alprostadil, and Caisch intravenous injection | Intratympanic Lidocaine injection every other day for 10 days combined with Methylprednisolone, Ginkgo-damole Alprostadil, and Caisch intravenous injection | Effective rate, GQOL-74 | NA |
| He et al (2018)[30] | Sound therapy | Blank space group | Sound therapy once a day for 15 min, 10 times as a course for 3 courses | No treatment | THI, effective rate | 1 mo |
| Zhang (2019)[31] | Sound therapy with educational consultation | Sound therapy | Sound therapy 30 min once a day for 1 m with online consultation | Sound therapy 30 min once a day for 1 mo | THI, effective rate | 0 |
| Radunz et al (2019)[32] | HA | Drug therapy | equipped with Beltone individual HA digital | Drug therapy with G. biloba extract EGb 761, dose of 240 mg/day/patient | THI, VAS | 3 mo |
| HA combined with drug therapy | Both drug therapy with G. biloba, and to HA | |||||
| Scherer and Formby (2019)[33] | TRT | SoC | TC and ST implemented with ear level SGs | Standard of care, a patient-centered tinnitus approach, focused on the individual participant's symptoms and aimed to reduce negative cognitive, affective, physical, and behavioral reactions to tinnitus | TQ, TFI, THI, VAS, sleep disturbance subscale, auditory difficulties subscale, relaxation interference subscale, reduced quality of life subscale | 18 mo |
| Partial TRT | TC and placebo SGs | |||||
| Xiao (2020)[34] | Sound information therapy with drug therapy | Drug therapy | Sound information therapy for 20 min once a day for 10 days | Microcirculation and neurotrophic drug treatment | Effective rate | NA |
| Zhang et al (2020)[35] | Sound therapy with drug therapy | Drug therapy | Sound therapy twice a day for 30 min for 3 mo | G. biloba 80 mg twice a day | Effective rate | NA |
| Luo et al (2020)[36] | Sound therapy with educational consultation | Sound therapy | Sound therapy 2 h for 3 mo with online consultation | Sound therapy 2h for 3 months | Effective rate | NA |