Table 2.
Multivariable regression results using generalized estimating equations (GEE) with Poisson distribution modeling the predictors of cervical cancer screening.
| Characteristics | Incidence rate ratio (IRR) | 95% CI | P-value |
| HPV vaccine status | |||
| None | Reference | ||
| Received of ≥1 HPV vaccine | 1.34 | (1.33–1.35) | <.0001 |
| One dose | 1.14 | (1.13–1.16) | <.0001 |
| Two doses | 1.39 | (1.37–1.41) | <.0001 |
| Three doses | 1.60 | (1.58–1.63) | <.0001 |
| P for linear trend | <.0001 | ||
| Age of the patients | |||
| 21 | Reference | ||
| 22 | 1.13 | (1.11–1.14) | <.0001 |
| 23 | 1.20 | (1.18–1.21) | <.0001 |
| 24 | 1.29 | (1.27–1.30) | <.0001 |
| 25 | 1.32 | (1.31–1.34) | <.0001 |
| 26 | 1.41 | (1.39–1.43) | <.0001 |
| P for linear trend | <.0001 | ||
| Place of residence | |||
| Rural | 0.97 | (0.96–0.98) | <.0001 |
| Urban | reference | ||
| US census region | |||
| South | Reference | ||
| West | 0.79 | (0.78–0.80) | <.0001 |
| Midwest | 0.96 | (0.95–0.97) | <.0001 |
| Northeast | 1.05 | (1.04–1.06) | <.0001 |
| STDs | |||
| Gonorrhea | 0.98 | (0.84–1.15) | .81 |
| Chlamydia | 1.06 | (1.03–1.10) | .0001 |
| Syphilis | 1.00 | (0.72–1.39) | .99 |
| Trichomoniasis | 0.97 | (0.87–1.08) | .61 |
| HIV/AIDS | 0.88 | (0.67–1.14) | .33 |
| Hepatitis B virus | 1.11 | (0.89–1.39) | .37 |
| Hepatitis C virus | 0.90 | (0.77–1.07) | .23 |
| Non-STDs | |||
| Flu vaccination | 0.94 | (0.92–0.97) | .0001 |
| Previous Pap test | 1.22 | (1.21–1.24) | <.0001 |
| Alcohol drinking | 0.97 | (0.89–1.06) | .51 |
| Smoking | 0.95 | (0.90–0.99) | .03 |
| Drug abuse | 0.87 | (0.78–0.97) | .01 |
| Depression | 1.02 | (0.99–1.04) | .24 |
| Anxiety | 1.03 | (1.00–1.05) | .03 |
| None | Reference | ||
| Type of health plan | |||
| PPO | Reference | ||
| HMO | 0.94 | (0.93–0.95) | <.0001 |
| CDHP/HDHP | 0.93 | (0.92–0.94) | <.0001 |
| Others | 0.90 | (0.89–0.91) | <.0001 |