Table 2:
Factors associated with catastrophic costs among tuberculosis-affected households enrolled in the Zimbabwe tuberculosis patient cost survey, 2018
| Characteristic | Total | Number (%) who incurred catastrophic costs | OR (95% CI) | aOR (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||||
| 900 | 720 | (80) | |||
|
| |||||
| Sex | |||||
| Male | 500 | 392 | (78) | 0.8 (0.6 - 1.1) | 1.0 (0.7 - 1.5) |
| Female | 400 | 328 | (82) | Reference | Reference |
| Age group | |||||
| <15 | 52 | 47 | (90) | Reference | Reference |
| 15-24 | 103 | 79 | (77) | 0.4 (0.1 - 1.1) | 0.5 (0.2 - 1.4) |
| 25-34 | 230 | 171 | (74) | 0.3 (0.1 - 0.9) | 0.4 (0.1 - 1.2) |
| 35-44 | 292 | 240 | (82) | 0.5 (0.2 - 1.3) | 0.6 (0.2 - 1.8) |
| 45-54 | 131 | 102 | (78) | 0.4 (0.1 - 1.1) | 0.4 (0.1 - 1.2) |
| 55-64 | 53 | 45 | (85) | 0.6 (0.2 - 2.0) | 0.6 (0.2 - 2.0) |
| >65 | 39 | 37 | (95) | 2.0 (0.3 - 11.9) | 1.7 (0.3 - 10.7) |
| Type of TB | |||||
| DR-TB | 49 | 44 | (90) | 2.2 (0.7 - 6.7) | 0.3 (0.1 - 1.0) |
| DS-TB | 851 | 676 | (79) | Reference | Reference |
| Treatment phase | |||||
| Intensive | 392 | 313 | (80) | 1.0 (0.7 - 1.4) | 0.9 (0.6 - 1.3) |
| Continuation | 508 | 407 | (80) | Reference | Reference |
| Treatment delay (>4 weeks) | |||||
| Yes | 232 | 192 | (83) | 1.3 (0.8 - 1.9) | 1.3 (0.9 - 1.9) |
| No | 668 | 528 | (79) | Reference | Reference |
| HIV status | |||||
| Positive | 557 | 450 | (81) | 1.1 (0.8 - 1.7) | 1.4 (0.8 - 2.2) |
| Negative | 343 | 270 | (79) | Reference | Reference |
| Bread winner | |||||
| Yes | 457 | 364 | (80) | 1.1 (0.8 - 1.5) | 1.1 (0.7 - 1.9) |
| No | 443 | 356 | (80) | Reference | Reference |
| Income quintile | |||||
| Poorest | 191 | 181 | (95) | 14.5 (7.1 - 29.6) | 15.7 (7.5 - 33.1) |
| Less poor | 199 | 180 | (90) | 7.0 (3.9 - 12.4) | 7.2 (3.9 - 13.1) |
| Average | 159 | 125 | (79) | 2.8 (1.6 - 4.7) | 2.8 (1.6 - 4.8) |
| Less wealthy | 174 | 133 | (76) | 2.4 (1.5 - 3.9) | 2.5 (1.5 - 4.2) |
| Wealthiest | 177 | 101 | (57) | Reference | Reference |
| Location of health facility | |||||
| Rural | 360 | 295 | (82) | 1.2 (0.6 - 2.5) | 0.9 (0.4 - 1.8) |
| Urban | 540 | 425 | (79) | Reference | Reference |
DR-TB=drug resistant TB; DS-TB=drug susceptible TB; OR=Odds ratio; aOR=adjusted odds ratio; CI=confidence interval; HIV = Human Immunodeficiency Virus.