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. 2021 Oct 1;12:741433. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.741433

Table 2.

Full model results for depressive symptoms (BDI-II), anxiety symptoms (BAI), and positive mental health (SWEMWBS-7).

BDI-II IRR (95% CI) BAI IRR (95% CI) SWEMWBS-7 β (95% CI)
Fixed effects
Intercept 2.97 (2.57, 3.43) 1.79 (1.50, 2.12) 27.21 (26.62, 27.80)
Time 0.92 (0.89, 0.94) 0.91 (0.88, 0.94) 0.25 (0.15, 0.34)
Age (base = 75+ y)
    18–24 y 3.50 (2.93, 4.17) 2.37 (1.92, 2.92) −4.98 (−5.68, −4.28)
    25–34 y 2.37 (2.00, 2.82) 1.71 (1.39, 2.10) −3.26 (−3.93, −2.58)
    35–44 y 2.16 (1.81, 2.57) 1.52 (1.24, 1.88) −2.89 (−3.57, −2.21)
    45–54 y 1.75 (1.47, 2.09) 1.29 (1.04, 1.59) −2.10 (−2.79, −1.41)
    55–64 y 1.22 (1.03, 1.44) 0.97 (0.79, 1.18) −0.86 (−1.50, −0.21)
    65–74 y 1.06 (0.90, 1.25) 0.96 (0.79, 1.17) −0.17 (−0.79, 0.45)
Sex (Female) 1.38 (1.26, 1.51) 2.10 (1.88, 2.33) −1.09 (−1.43, −0.74)
MVPA (base = 0 min/week)
    1–149 (min/week) 1.01 (0.95, 1.08) 0.99 (0.91, 1.07) 0.05 (−0.34, 0.43)
    150–299 (min/week) 0.97 (0.92, 1.03) 1.00 (0.93, 1.08) 0.14 (−0.20, 0.48)
    300+ (min/week) 0.94 (0.90, 0.99) 0.95 (0.90, 1.01) 0.50 (0.22, 0.79)
Sitting time 1.01 (0.99, 1.03) 1.02 (0.99, 1.05) −0.30 (−0.41, −0.18)
Screen time 1.05 (1.03, 1.08) 1.03 (1.00, 1.06) −0.15 (−0.27, −0.03)
Quarantine 1.00 (0.97, 1.03) 0.99 (0.96, 1.03) 0.14 (−0.01, 0.28)
Shelter-in-place or stay at home order 1.00 (0.98, 1.02) 1.03 (1.00, 1.05) −0.12 (−0.22, −0.02)
Social distancing 0.99 (0.97, 1.01) 0.96 (0.94, 0.99) −0.06 (−0.17, 0.06)
Time: Age 18–24 y 0.98 (0.95, 1.01) 0.93 (0.90, 0.97) 0.11 (0.01, 0.22)
Time: Age 25–34 y 1.02 (0.99, 1.05) 0.95 (0.91, 0.98) −0.10 (−0.21, −0.00)
Time: Age 35–44 y 1.01 (0.98, 1.04) 0.94 (0.91, 0.98) −0.04 (−0.13, 0.06)
Time: Age 45–54 y 1.00 (0.97, 1.03) 0.97 (0.93, 1.00) −0.02 (−0.11, 0.08)
Time: Age 55–64 y 0.96 (0.94, 0.99) 0.94 (0.91, 0.98) 0.00 (−0.09, 0.09)
Time: Age 65–74 y 0.97 (0.95, 1.00) 0.95 (0.92, 0.98) 0.00 (−0.08, 0.09)
Time: Female 1.02 (1.01, 1.04) 1.01 (0.99, 1.03) 0.03 (−0.02, 0.08)
Time: MVPA
    1–149 (min/week) 1.01 (0.99, 1.03) 1.02 (1.00, 1.05) −0.02 (−0.11, 0.07)
    150–299 (min/week) 1.00 (0.99, 1.02) 0.99 (0.97, 1.01) 0.01 (−0.07, 0.09)
    300+ (min/week) 1.00 (0.99, 1.01) 1.01 (0.99, 1.02) −0.02 (−0.08, 0.05)
Time: Sitting time 1.01 (1.01, 1.02) 1.00 (0.99, 1.01) −0.00 (−0.03, 0.03)
Time: Screen time 1.00 (0.99, 1.00) 1.00 (1.00, 1.01) −0.01 (−0.04, 0.02)
Random effects
ID-intercept SD 0.92 1.08 3.59
ID-Time SD 0.12 0.14 0.37
ICC 0.46 0.54 0.78
Pseudo R2 (Fixed) 0.21 0.17 0.20
Pseudo R2 (Total) 0.96 0.94 0.85

Bolded values indicate statistical significance of the individual term in the full model at p < 0.05.

BAI, Beck Anxiety Inventory, BDI-II, Beck Depression Inventory II; MVPA, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity; SWEMWBS-7, Short Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale-7; y, years.