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. 2021 Oct 14;5(4):041504. doi: 10.1063/5.0058798

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© 2021 Author(s).

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FIG. 4. — Applications of microfluidic devices for culturing hepatocytes. (a) Confinement of hepatic cultures in microfluidic devices in the absence of convection increases accumulation of endogenous growth factors (concept from Ref. 109). (b) Imbedding of hepatocytes into collagen gel inside a microfluidic while delivering nutrients through an adjacent channel improves hepatic function (concept from Ref. 60). (c) Liver zonation recreated in a microfluidic device by generating a gradient of hormones or drug along the length of the device (concept from Ref. 117). (d) Microfluidic devices improve stem cell differentiation into hepatocyte-like cells. (e) Multi-organ interactions using microfluidic devices with built-in peristaltic pumps (concept from Ref. 118). (f) A microfluidic device for unidirectional drug exposure and testing hepatoxicity (concept from Ref. 119).