TABLE I.

Comparison of albumin and urea production across different hepatocyte culture formats. Unless indicated otherwise, function is reported for primary rat hepatocytes.

	Culture duration (day)	Albumin level (μg/1 × 104 cells/day)	Urea level (μg/1 × 104 cells/day)
Monolayer culture	1257	0.01459	0.659
ECM gel	4244	0.638,58 0.7263	12568
Micropatterned co-culture	2783	3,83 3.886	7.2,83 19286
Liver slices	1596	0.087103	N/R
Microfluidic monolayer	21108	1,109 3108	2110,a
Microfluidic spheroid cultures	21109	1.35,109 0.08111,a	320112
Microfluidic slices	397,105,113	N/R	N/R

^a Primary human hepatocytes.