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. 2019 Nov 12;93(1115):20190829. doi: 10.1259/bjr.20190829

Table 3.

The top five causes of visual impairment

Ranking	Ocular disease %
	World^a		Japan^b		Russia^c		USA^d						USA^e
							White		Black		Hispanic		White		Black		Hispanic
1	Cataract	48	Glaucoma	21	Glaucoma	29	Macular degeneration	54.4	Cataract	36.8	Glaucoma	28.6	Cataract	59.2	Cataract	50.9	Cataract	46.7
2	Glaucoma	12	Diabetic retinopathy	16	Retinal impairment	16	Other	25	Glaucoma	26	Other	28.6	Macular degeneration	22.9	Other	17	Other	18.5
3	Macular degeneration	9	Retinitis pigmentosa	12	Optic nerve atrophy	14	Cataract	8.7	Other	25.6	Cataract	14.3	Other	9.7	Diabetic retinopathy	14.5	Macular degeneration	14.1
4	Corneal opacities	5	Macular degeneration	10	High myopia	12	Glaucoma	6.4	Diabetic retinopathy	7.3	Macular degeneration	14.3	Diabetic retinopathy	4.9	Glaucoma	14.3	Diabetic retinopathy	13
5	Diabetic retinopathy	5	Chorioretinal atrophy	8	Cataract	11	Diabetic retinopathy	5.4	Macular degeneration	4.4	Diabetic retinopathy	14.3	Glaucoma	3.3	Macular degeneration	3.2	Glaucoma	7.6

^a

Cause of visual impairment as of 2002.¹

^b

Cause of visual impairment as of 2010, only those at age ≥18 years.⁶³ Cataract serves as the seventh cause (5%) in Japan.

^c

Cause of visual impairment as of 2014.⁶⁴

^d

Cause of blindness as of 2000.⁶⁵

^e

Cause of low vision as of 2000.⁶⁵