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. 2021 Oct 16;101:108232. doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108232

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Fig. 2 — The Immunopathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) in pediatric and adults lung that causes mild or asymptotic infection in children, and severe lung injury and extracellular manifestation in adult and elderly patients. Due to having a low level of SARS-Cov-2 receptors, decreased proinflammatory cytokines in respiratory epithelial cells, increased level of type I interferons and strong innate immune response, children have shown a mild or asymptomatic COVID-19 infection. By comparison, adults due to increased level of SARS-Cov-2 receptors and proinflammatory cytokines in respiratory epithelial cells, following the damage to epithelial cells, fluid accumulation, respiratory failure, cytokine storm, viremia, and systemic infection experience severe respiratory infection and extra pulmonary manifestations.