TABLE 1.
Demographic and clinical features
| Patients | Controls | p (T or ) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | Site 1 | Site 2 | Site 3 | Site 4 | Site 4 | ||
| N | 110 | 27 | 39 | 16 | 28 | 23 | |
| Age, mean (SD) years | 52.2 (14.7) | 40.9 (14.7) | 64.4 (9.0) | 52.1 (10.8) | 46.1 (10.2) | 44.4 (11.5) | <.001 |
| Male/female | 43/67 | 14/13 | 13/26 | 5/11 | 11/17 | 8/15 | >.05 |
| BMI, mean (SD) | 25.9 (5.3) | 25.5 (4.4) | 26.3 (5.7) | 23.6 (4.9) | 27.2 (5.9) | 24.7 (5.0) | >.05 |
| Clinical info | |||||||
| RUL, primary/secondary | 90/2 | 25/0 | 37/0 | 0/2 | 28/0 | — | <.001 |
| BT, primary/secondary | 18/19 | 1/11 | 2/5 | 15/0/1 N/A | 0/3 | — | <.001 |
| LART, primary/secondary | 1/0 | 1/0 | 0/0 | 0/0 | 0/0 | — | — |
| BF, primary/secondary | 0/1 | 0/1 | 0/0 | 0/0 | 0/0 | — | — |
| RUL number, mean (SD) | 9.2 (5.2) | 8.07 (3.6) | 10.3 (3.0) | — | 13.4 (4.4) | <.001 | |
| BT number, mean (SD) | 6.6 (6.5) | — | 7.2 (3.5) | 14.2 (4.9) | 6.3 (1.5) | — | <.001 |
| ECT device | — | MECTA | Thymatron | Thymatron | Thymatron | — | |
| Titration method | — | Seizure threshold (n = 27) | Seizure threshold (n = 39) |
Seizure threshold (n = 2) ½ age (n = 14) |
½ age (n = 28) | — | — |
| ECT pulse width, milliseconds | — |
0.3 (n = 25) 0.5 (n = 2) |
0.25 (n = 36) 1 (n = 3) |
0.5 (n = 15) NA (n = 1) |
0.5 (n = 28) | — | — |
| ECT pulse amplitude, milliamps | — | 800 (n = 27) | 900 (n = 39) |
900 (n = 15) NA (n = 1) |
900 (n = 28) | — | — |
| Treatment duration, weeks, mean (SD) | 4.1 (1.4) | 3.7 (1.0) | 3.7 (1.0) | 4.7 (2.1) | 4.7 (1.6) | — | — |
| Antidepressant medication | — | None (n = 27) |
None (n = 2) SSRI (n = 17) SNRI (n = 16) TCA (n = 4) |
None (n = 3) SSRI (n = 4) SNRI (n = 3) TCA (n = 6) |
None (n = 5) SSRI (n = 4) SNRI (n = 15) TCA (n = 4) |
— | — |
| Antipsychotic medication, yes/no/NA | — | 0/27/0 | 20/19/0 | 8/7/1 | 19/0/9 | — | <.001 |
| Benzodiazepines, yes/no/NA | — | 0/27/0 | 16/22/1 | 8/8/0 | 0/28/0 | — | <.001 |
| Lithium, yes/no/NA | — | 0/27/0 | 0/39/0 | 1/15/0 | 4/0/24 | — | <.001 |
| Bipolar | 9 | 4 | 0 | 5 | 0 | — | <.001 |
| Psychotic features | 19 | 0 | 16 | 3 | 0 | — | <.001 |
| Single episode | 6 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 2 | — | >.05 |
| Treatment resistant, yes/no, count | 104/3 | 27/0 | 36/3 | 13/0/N/A | 28/0 | — | >.05 |
| HDRS 17 baseline score, mean (SD) | 24.4 (6.3) | 23.8 (6.8) | 23.9 (6.9) | 28.0 (4.8) | 21.7 (4.0) | 0.8 (1.7) | <.001 |
| HDRS 17 follow‐up score, mean (SD) | 11.9 (9.1) | 20.0 (9.5) | 6.6 (7.1) | 13.0 (6.7) | 10.9 (6.5) | 0.5 (1.5) | <.001 |
Note: Significance tests are applied within the patient group.
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; BT, bi‐temporal stimulation; BF, bi‐frontal stimulation; LART, left anterior right temporal stimulation; N/A, not available; RUL, right unilateral stimulation; SNRI, serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor; SSRI, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors; TCA, tricyclic antidepressants.