Table 2.
Studies of anti-VEGF for prevention and treatment of new coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19).*
| Supplement | ID | Study type | Study time | Recruiting Status |
Type of disease | Treatment/Prevention | N number | Population' age (years) |
Intervention Group(s) | Primary outcomes | Secondary outcomes | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bevacizumab | NCT04305106 | RCT | March 2020 until now | Recruiting | COVID-19 | Treatment | 140 | 18–80 years old | Bevacizumab 7.5 mg/kg body weight IV infusion | The time from randomization to clinical improvement or improvement of two points on a seven-category ordinal scale or discharge from the hospital | _ | [77] |
| Bevacizumab | NCT04275414 | RCT | February 2020 to May 2021 | completed | COVID-19 | Treatment | 27 | 18–80 years old | Group 1: Bevacizumab 500 mg + normal saline (NS) 100 ml, ivdrip ≥ 90 min + standard care Group 2: standard care |
PaO2/FiO2 ratio at 24 h and 7 days | Improvement of oxygen-support status, the change of areas of pulmonary lesions were shown on chest CT or X-ray, Blood lymphocyte counts, Level of CRP, All-cause mortality, Discharge. | [78] |
| Bevacizumab | NCT04344782 | RCT | April 2020 Until now |
Recruiting | COVID-19 | Treatment | 130 | N/K | Group 1: IV infusion of Bevacizumab 7.5 mg/kg in 100 ml saline Group 2: standard care |
% surviving patients without need for MV | SaO2, PaO2, PaO2/FiO2, and CT-scan score on day 14, dyspnea, overall survival, admission to ICU, incidence of MV and ADR, and VEGF plasma concentration on day 28 | [79] |
| Siltuximab | NCT04329650 | RCT | April 2020 Until now |
Recruiting | COVID-19 | Treatment | 20 | ≥18 | Group 1: IV single-dose of 11 mg/Kg of siltuximab Group 2: IV 250 mg/24 h of methylprednisolone during 3 days followed by 30 mg/24 h during 3 days |
% patients requiring ICU admission at any time of the study | Days of ICU stay, the time of resolution of fever, % patients with worsening O2sat, duration of hypoxemia, % patients using and duration of mechanical ventilation, duration of hospitalization, all-cause mortality rate, % patients with serious adverse events, % patients with invasive bacterial or fungal infections, % patients with hypersensitivity reactions, % patients with gastrointestinal perforation, % patients with secondary severe infections, Changes from baseline in plasma leukocyte, hemoglobin, platelet, creatinine, total bilirubin levels, chest Rx and plasma biomarkers (PCR, lymphocytes, ferritin, d-dimer and LDH), % patients with ALT ≥ 3 times ULN | [80] |
| Bevacizumab | NCT04822818 | RCT | March 2021 Until now |
Not yet recruiting | COVID-19 | Treatment | 174 | ≥18 | Group 1: 7.5 mg/kg (with a maximum of 750 mg) on day 1 and standard of care Group 2: standard of care |
time to recovery (WHO Progression scale) | Clinical status (OMS Progression scale), Overall survival, Ventilator free days, High flow free days, Time to oxygen supply weaning, Changes in VEGF plasma levels, Adverse Event | [81] |
| Cyclosporine | NCT04540926 | RCT | September 2020 Until now |
Not yet recruiting | COVID-19 pneumonia patients | treatment | 200 | ≥18 | oral Cyclosporine at a dose of 1–2 mg /kg/day, for 7 days | Number of days to clinical improvement until hospital discharge or death | [82] | |
| Cyclosporine | NCT04412785 | RCT (single arm) | June 2020 Until now |
Recruiting | Moderate COVID-19 | Treatment | 20 | ≥18 | 9 mg/kg/day oral divided q12h, For IV 3 mg/kg/day continuous IV infusion for up to 14 days, as tolerated. | Safety-oxygen, ICU transfer and ventilation, changes in absolute lymphocyte count, creatinine clearance, secondary bacterial infections. | The clearance of SARS-CoV-2 from respiratory secretions, D-dimer levels, ferritin, and IL-6 levels. | [83] |
| Cyclosporine | NCT04492891 | RCT | July 2020 Until now |
Recruiting | COVID-19 | treatment | 75 | 18–90 years old | Group 1: Cyclosporine 2.5 mg/kg PO BID 7 days and standard of care, group 2: standard of care | WHO COVID-19 clinical severity scale | [84] | |
| Cyclosporine | NCT04392531 | RCT | May 2020 Until now |
Recruiting | COVID-19 | Treatment | 120 | ≥18 | Group 1: Cyclosporine and standard of care, group 2: standard of care | Severity Category | Mortality Rate, ICU and hospital length of stay, Fio2 Needs, Adverse events, Change in CRP, ferritin, LDH, CPK, D Dimer, IL-6, Viral Load and specific antibodies | [85] |
*
Due to the recently published systematic review on the effect of Tocilizumab and COVID-19, Tocilizumab registered trials are not reviewed in this table. N/K: not known, ICU: intensive care, ADR: adverse drug reaction, MV: mechanical ventilation, SaO2: oxygen saturation, paO2: partial pressure of oxygen, paO2/FiO2: arterial oxygen partial to fractional inspired oxygen.