Table 2.
Descriptives of cohort members with adolescent depression (n = 321)
| Characteristics of depressed adolescents | Noncomorbid depression (n = 132) n (%) |
Depression + Anxiety disorders (n = 93) n (%) |
Depression + Disruptive behavior disorders (n = 44) n (%) |
Depression + Disruptive behavior disorders + Anxiety disorders (n = 52) n (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Females | 108 (82%) | 80 (86%) | 30 (68%) | 36 (69%) |
| Low parental educationa | 74 (56%) | 41 (44%) | 29 (66%) | 23 (44%) |
| Type of adolescent depression | ||||
| Persistent depressive disorder | 48 (36%) | 67 (72%) | 22 (50%) | 38 (73%) |
| Major depressive disorder | 37 (28%) | 25 (27%) | 11 (25%) | 9 (17%) |
| Subthreshold depression | 47 (36%) | 1 (1%) | 11 (25%) | 5 (10%) |
| Social transfer payments in adulthoodb | ||||
| Unemployment benefits, M (SD) | 628 (2134) | 621 (2361) | 984 (3235) | 1109 (3341) |
| Work disability benefits, M (SD) | 810 (3359) | 1055 (3664) | 732 (2913) | 1062 (3350) |
| Public assistance, M (SD) | 511 (1643) | 178 (822) | 764 (1878) | 784 (2321) |
| Overall payments combined, M (SD) | 1949 (4332) | 1854 (4381) | 2481 (4798) | 2956 (5182) |
| Recipiency of overall payments combined | ||||
| 0 years | 7 (5%) | 4 (4%) | 1 (2%) | 0 (0%) |
| 1–2 years | 19 (14%) | 7 (8%) | 5 (12%) | 2 (4%) |
| 3–5 years | 31 (24%) | 25 (27%) | 12 (28%) | 9 (18%) |
| 6–10 years | 34 (26%) | 27 (29%) | 8 (19%) | 15 (29%) |
| 11–15 years | 18 (14%) | 19 (20%) | 8 (19%) | 12 (24%) |
| 16–23 years | 23 (17%) | 11 (12%) | 9 (21%) | 13 (26%) |
aNeither parent had tertiary education
bAverage payments received in US dollars per year across ages 18–40