Table 3.
Associations of adolescent depression with social transfer payments across ages 18–40, with nondepressed controls (n = 218) as reference
| Adolescent depressiona (n = 321) | Type of adolescent depression | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Subthreshold depression (n = 64) | Major depressive disorder (n = 82) | Persistent depressive disorder (n = 175) | ||||||
| Social transfer payments (USD/year) | Unadjusted | Adjustedb | Unadjusted | Adjustedb | Unadjusted | Adjustedb | Unadjusted | Adjustedb |
| B (95% CI) |
B (95% CI) |
B (95% CI) |
B (95% CI) |
B (95% CI) |
B (95% CI) |
B (95% CI) |
B (95% CI) |
|
| Unemployment benefits | ||||||||
| All |
202* (21, 384) |
173* (2, 343) |
108 (− 131, 347) |
86 (− 150, 322) |
94 (− 161, 348) |
14 (− 206, 233) |
287* (52, 523) |
269* (47, 491) |
| Work disability benefits | ||||||||
| All |
381** (118, 643) |
362** (94, 629) |
46 (− 328, 419) |
− 51 (− 361, 259) |
360 (− 36, 756) |
361 (− 86, 808) |
515** (166, 865) |
487** (134, 839) |
| Public assistance | ||||||||
| All |
356*** (225, 487) |
346*** (214, 477) |
325** (94, 556) |
311** (81, 541) |
336* (76, 597) |
315* (53, 577) |
377*** (206, 548) |
371*** (199, 543) |
| Overall payments combined | ||||||||
| All |
938*** (551, 1326) |
881*** (491, 1270) |
491 (− 40, 1022) |
379 (− 135, 893) |
793* (176, 1410) |
714* (76, 1353) |
1172*** (673, 1670) |
1124*** (626, 1622) |
*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001
aIncluding subthreshold depression, major depressive disorder, and persistent depressive disorder
bAdjusted for gender and parental education