Fig. 1. Grooming-associated changes in fronto-striatal activity.

a KO mice groom more than WT littermates (unpaired two-tailed t-test P = 0.0083; WT = 15, KO = 15). b Mice are injected with CAV2-Cre in the DMS and Cre-dependent GCaMP6m in the dmPFC, with optical fibers implanted in the dmPFC. c Peak amplitude of calcium transients (unpaired two-tailed t test, P = 0.2709, WT = 130 grooming epochs from 11 mice, KO = 118 grooming epochs from 10 mince). d Frequency of calcium transients during grooming (unpaired two-tailed t-test P = 0.0090; WT = 130 grooming epochs from 11 animals, KO = 118 grooming epochs from 10 animals). e PETH of averaged z-score calcium signals aligned to the start of grooming in WT mice (green line, N = 113 groom epochs from 11 WTs, green bar above represents average length of WT grooming epochs). f KO PETH of averaged z-score calcium signals during grooming (purple line, purple bar above represents average length of grooming epochs for KO, N = 73 groom epochs from 10 KOs). g Normalized area under the curve (AUC) analysis of calcium signal during grooming shown as truncated violin plot (left) and bar graph (right) (unpaired two-tailed t-test P = 0.0342; WT = 113 groom epochs from 11 animals, KO = 73 groom epochs from 10 animals). h PETH of averaged z-score signals aligned to the end of grooming in WT mice (N = 113 groom epochs from 11 WTs). i KO PETH of averaged z-score signals aligned to the end of grooming (N = 73 groom epochs from 10 KOs). j AUC analysis of calcium signal post-grooming shown as truncated violin plot (left) and bar graph (right) (unpaired two-tailed t-test P = 0.3961, WT = 113 groom epochs from 11 WTs, KO = 73 groom epochs from 10 KOs). Bar graphs and peri-event time histograms (PETH) show data means +/− SEM. Truncated violin plots end at distribution minimum and maximum, dotted lines mark 25% and 75% quartiles, cross denotes mean. Source data are provided as a Source data file. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01.