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. 2021 Oct 15;12:6040. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-26247-2

Fig. 3. Effect of ketamine on fronto-striatal circuit activity.

Fig. 3

a Schematic showing fiber photometry recording of dmPFC-DMS projection neurons 24 h after mice are injected with saline or ketamine. b KO mice show a significant decrease in grooming duration compared to WT mice after ketamine injection (unpaired two-tailed t test P < 0.0001, WT = 16 animals, KO = 15 animals). c No change in the frequency of calcium transients between saline and ketamine groups (two-way ANOVA; interaction P > 0.05, genotype P > 0.05, drug P > 0.05; WT = 66 saline groom epochs and 70 ketamine groom epochs from 11 animals, KO saline = 69 groom epochs from 10 animals, KO ketamine = 25 groom epochs from 9 animals). d Ketamine significantly increases the amplitude of calcium transients during grooming epochs in KO animals but not WT animals 24 h post-injection (two-way ANOVA: interaction P < 0.0001, drug P < 0.0001, genotype P > 0.05; Tukey’s multiple comparisons: WT saline vs KO ketamine P = 0.0047, WT ketamine vs KO ketamine P = 0.0020, KO saline vs KO ketamine P < 0.0001; WT = 66 saline groom epochs and 70 ketamine groom epochs from 11 animals, KO saline = 69 groom epochs from 10 animals, KO ketamine = 25 groom epochs from 9 animals). e Ketamine does not significantly increase amplitude of calcium transients during grooming epochs in KO mice that do not have a reduction in grooming behavior post-ketamine (two-way ANOVA; interaction P > 0.05, treatment P = 0.0160, responder-type P > 0.05; Tukey’s multiple comparisons: responders, KO saline vs KO ketamine P < 0.0001; responders, KO saline = 69 groom epochs from 10 animals, KO ketamine = 25 groom epochs from 9 animals; non-responders, KO saline = 6 groom epochs from 2 animals, KO ketamine = 10 groom epochs from 2 animals). Bar graphs and PETHs show data means +/− SEM. Truncated violin plots end at distribution minimum and maximum, dotted lines mark 25% and 75% quartiles, cross denotes data means. Source data are provided as a Source data file. **P < 0.01, ****P < 0.0001.