Figure 3.

Enumeration of biofilm-associated bacterial survival for gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa (A) and Ralstonia pickettii (B) as well as gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus (C), Staphylococcus epidermidis (D), and Cutibacterium acnes (E) following treatment with dilute concentrations of PI (2.5%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 25%) for 1, 2, 5, or 10 minutes. Data are represented as mean bacterial survival ± standard deviation in log (CFU/mL) from 3 experimental replicates and 8 treatment replicates per experiment. (F) Color palette for different dilutions of PI shown for reference. Note: PI refers to 10% povidone-iodine or full-strength Betadine.