Table 2.

Summary of physicochemical properties of carriers influencing the behavior in vivo.

Size	Shape	Charge	Surface	Observation	Ref.
20 nm	sphere	+27 mV (pH = 2) −18 mV (pH = 10)	PEGylation	Reduced macrophage uptake.	[149]
∼ 160 nm	Rod/cube	∼ 20 mV	PEGylation	PEGylated rod-shaped CNPs showed low protein adsorption and potent antioxidant properties.	[150]
111 nm 141 nm 166 nm	/	/	PEG–PLA block polymer	111 nm and 141 nm can accumulated efficiently in the tumor issue. And 166 nm particles were cleared rapidly by the liver.	[151]
∼ 40 nm	Sphere	−3 mV	PEGylation	A low uptake of liver.	[152]
∼ 30 nm	Sphere	−22.9 ∼ +46.5 mV	Citrate;Polyvinyl Pyrrolidone; PEG; branched polyethyleneimine	PEG sliver nanoparticles showed a long circulation and better biocompatibility.	[153]
∼ 330 nm	Rod	∼ −15 mV	PEGylation	Pegylated nanocrystals was significantly enhanced the anti-tumor effect.	[154]
∼ 120 nm	Sphere	+29.1 mV	Chitosan	Chitosan surface decoration of nanoparticles that showed significantly enhanced the uptake in cancer cells.	[155]
∼ 270 nm	Long rod Short rod Sphere	∼ −30 mV	Carboxylic acid-functionalization	Long rod-shape particles had a great capacity to overcoming rapid clearance by the RES and had a longer circulation in the blood.	[156]