Table 2.

Mechanical properties of admixtures of plastic waste in concrete for road construction

S. no	Application of plastic waste	Type of plastic waste	Percentage of waste	Tests conducted	Compressive strength (MPa)	References
3	In replacement of sand	PET	1, 3, 5, 7 and 10%	Flexural strength, compressive strength, tensile strength, density tests	20.720	Hameed and Fatah Ahmed (2019)
6	Fine aggregate	PET waste	0–50%	Bulk density, porosity, water absorption, ultrasonic pulse velocity, compressive and flexural strength	Reduced from 15 to 33%	Jaivignesh and Sofi (2017)
9	Fine aggregate	Plastic bags	10 to 40%	Compressive strength, flexural strength, workability, bulk density, UPV test		Ghernouti et al. (2015)
10	Aggregate	HDPE	0 to 10% in an interval of 2%	Compressive strength	26.4 for paver blocks and 23 for solid blocks	Vanitha et al. (2015)
12	Aggregate	Shredded plastic bags	0%, 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 5%	Workability, density, compressive strength, flexural strength, water penetration	26.1 MPa and maximum flexural strength of 3.55 MPa	Jain et al. (2018)
13	Aggregate	PVC powder and granules	10%, 20%, 30%	Slump, fresh and hardened densities, compressive strength, capillary water absorption and abrasion test		Bolat and Erkus (2016)
15	Aggregate	Plastic obtained from wrappers of chocolates, milk, grocery items, chips, etc		Marshall stability test, ductility, aggregate impact value, penetration value, Los angles values and softening point		Singh et al. (2020)
18	Aggregate	Plastic bottles, cups, caps		Softening point, flash point, fire point,penetration value, ductility		Chada Jithendra Sai Raja et al. (2020)
21	Binder	Waste polythene	5 to 11%	Stability value, flow value, air voids		Sukaina et al. (2015)
22	Fine aggregate	Processed LDPE	1 to 5%	Marshall stability, porosity, absorption value		Pradeep soyal (2015)
23	Substitute	E-waste and waste plastic	Waste plastic 4.5% to 6%, shredded electronic waste 7.5%, 10%, 12.5% and 15%	Marshall stability test, crushing value, effect value and loss abrasion value test		Dombe et al. (2020)
25	Aggregate	E-waste plastic	0%, 20% to 30%	Compressive strength, tensile strength and flexural strength, slump value test	Decreased from 47.18 to 22.15	Manjunath (2016)
26	Fine aggregate	Electronic plastic	0%, 10% and 20%	Compressive strength, flexural strength, tensile strength	Decreased from 18.55 to 10.72	Gavhane et al. (2016)
27	Aggregate	E-waste	7.5%, 14% and 21.5%	Compressive strength	Decreased by 52.98%	Damal et al. (2015)
28	Modifier	Thermosets, elastomers, thermoplastics		Compressive strength, bending strength	320 MPa	Rokdey et al. (2015)
29	Modifier	Waste shredded plastic	6, 8, 10, 12 and 14%	Marshall stability, flow value, VFB		Rajput et al. 2016
31	Modifier	Thermosetting plastic		Dry density and reasonable compressive strength	Reasonable value	Panyakapo and Panyakapo (2008)
32	Coated over aggregates	Waste plastic		Marshall properties, impact values, abrasion, water absorption, soundness tests		Dawale et al. (2016)
34	Partial replacement of sand	High-impact polystyrene (HIPS) and low-density polyethylene (LDPE)	0, 10, 30 and 50% by weight	Workability, density and compressive strength	30	Olofinnade et al. (2021)
35	Substitute	Recycled plastic aggregate (RPA)	(25, 50, 75 and 100%)	Compressive strength, thermal conductivity, flexural strength, bond strength	35	Basha et al. (2020)
36	Coarse aggregate	PET		Workability, compressive strength, slump value	30.3	Islam et al. (2016)
37		Polypropylene (PP)	From 0 to 2% by volume of mix	Workability, slump, compressive and splitting tensile strength and flexure strength values		Ankur C. Bhogayata and Arora (2017)
38	Partial replacement for fine aggregate	Six different plastic wastes	0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10 and 12.5%	Compressive strength	With 12.5% fine plastic Waste 47.0 12.5% coarse plastic waste 37.0, and with 12.5% mixed plastic 42 MPa	Hama et al. (2017)
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