Table 1.
Baseline characteristics.
| Features | Total (n=14,185) | CIAKIa (n=261) | Non-CIAKI (n=13,924) | P valueb | |||||
| Age (years), mean (range) | 67.5 (56.7-78.4) | 65.2 (54.1-76.3) | 67.6 (56.7-78.5) | <.001 | |||||
| Male, n (%) | 10,952 (77.2) | 195 (74.7) | 10,757 (77.3) | .33 | |||||
| Body mass index (kg/m²), mean (range) | 24.0 (20.7-27.3) | 24.0 (20.4-27.6) | 24.0 (20.7-27.3) | .94 | |||||
| Type of CTc, n (%) | |||||||||
|
|
Abdomen and pelvis | 4360 (30.7) | 73 (28.0) | 4287 (30.8) | N/Ad | ||||
|
|
Liver | 3323 (23.4) | 90 (34.5) | 3233 (23.2) | N/A | ||||
|
|
Urogenital | 1330 (9.4) | 17 (6.5) | 1313 (9.4) | N/A | ||||
|
|
Chest | 1004 (7.1) | 15 (5.7) | 989 (7.1) | N/A | ||||
|
|
Others | 4168 (29.4) | 66 (25.3) | 4102 (29.5) | N/A | ||||
|
|
Contrast media volume (mL), mean (range) | 98.3 (82.1-114.6) | 99.8 (81.5-118.1) | 98.3 (82.1-114.6) | .01 | ||||
| Vital signs | |||||||||
|
|
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg), median (IQR) | 126 (116-138) | 130 (117.5-141) | 126 (116-138) | .002 | ||||
|
|
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg), median (IQR) | 75 (68-83) | 78 (70-83.5) | 75 (68-83) | .01 | ||||
|
|
Heart rate (/min), median (IQR) | 68 (61-79) | 73 (62-82) | 68 (61-79) | <.001 | ||||
|
|
Respiratory rate (/min), mean (range) | 18.3 (17.5-19.2) | 18.3 (17.4-19.1) | 18.3 (17.5-19.2) | .33 | ||||
|
|
Body temperature (°C), mean (range) | 36.4 (36.1-36.7) | 36.4 (36.1-36.8) | 36.4 (36.1-36.7) | .12 | ||||
| Comorbidities, n (%) | |||||||||
|
|
Diabetes mellitus | 4870 (34.3) | 126 (48.3) | 4744 (34.1) | <.001 | ||||
|
|
Hypertension | 6896 (48.6) | 136 (52.1) | 6760 (48.5) | .26 | ||||
|
|
Coronary arterial disease | 1940 (13.7) | 28 (10.7) | 1912 (13.7) | .16 | ||||
|
|
Cancer, any type | 11514 (81.2) | 220 (84.3) | 11294 (81.1) | .19 | ||||
|
|
Liver cirrhosis | 2253 (15.9) | 58 (22.2) | 2195 (15.8) | .005 | ||||
|
|
Glomerulonephritis | 439 (3.1) | 13 (5.0) | 426 (3.1) | .08 | ||||
|
|
Kidney transplantation recipient | 224 (1.6) | 2 (0.8) | 222 (1.6) | .29 | ||||
| Medication, n (%) | |||||||||
|
|
Antihypertensive agents | 5464 (38.5) | 112 (42.9) | 5352 (38.4) | .14 | ||||
|
|
Diuretics | 1905 (13.4) | 71 (27.2) | 1834 (13.2) | <.001 | ||||
|
|
Statins | 2731 (19.3) | 59 (22.6) | 2672 (19.2) | .17 | ||||
|
|
Hypoglycemic agents | 2553 (18.0) | 58 (22.2) | 2495 (17.9) | .07 | ||||
| Blood findings | |||||||||
|
|
Hemoglobin (g/dL), median (IQR) | 12.2 (10.6-13.7) | 11.15 (10.1-12.4) | 12.2 (10.7-13.7) | <.001 | ||||
|
|
Hematocrit (%), median (IQR) | 36.8 (32.4-40.9) | 33.6 (30.4-37.95) | 36.8 (32.5-41.1) | <.001 | ||||
|
|
Albumin (g/dL), median (IQR) | 4.1 (3.8-4.3) | 3.8 (3.5-4.2) | 4.1 (3.8-4.3) | <.001 | ||||
|
|
Blood urea nitrogen (mg/dL), median (IQR) | 22 (17-27) | 25 (19-35) | 22 (17-27) | <.001 | ||||
|
|
Creatinine (mg/dL), median (IQR) | 1.44 (1.25-1.67) | 1.58 (1.27-2.01) | 1.44 (1.24-1.67) | <.001 | ||||
|
|
eGFRe (mL/min/1.73 m²), median (IQR) | 47.1 (38.9-56.1) | 42.7 (30.4-54.3) | 47.2 (38.9-56.1) | <.001 | ||||
aCIAKI: contrast media–induced acute kidney injury.
bP values were derived from the chi-square tests for categorical variables and the Student t-test or the Mann-Whitney U test for continuous variables.
cCT: computed tomography.
dN/A: not applicable.
eeGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate.