. 2021 Oct 16;18:92. doi: 10.1186/s12986-021-00621-9

Table 2.

Effect of betanin on body weight, FBG and serum insulin levels

Variables	Normal control	Normal + Betanin (40 mg/kg)	Diabetic control	Diabetic + betanin (10 mg/kg)	Diabetic + betanin (20 mg/kg)	Diabetic + betanin (40 mg/kg)	Diabetic + glibenclamide
Body weight (g)
Initial	192.67 ± 32.07	196.80 ± 26.31	197.60 ± 45.00	197.00 ± 10.42	186.00 ± 23.53	182.20 ± 15.45	184.00 ± 8.06
Final	204.50 ± 29.90	205.20 ± 28.62	150.60 ± 16.47^††	160.50 ± 9.25	176.60 ± 21.09	151.40 ± 19.97	182.80 ± 9.34
FBG (mg/dl)
Day 7	86.00 ± 12.18	74.80 ± 7.36	383.60 ± 39.44^†††	348.50 ± 11.03	355.00 ± 38.81	392.60 ± 52.32	334.00 ± 13.13
Day 14	94.83 ± 5.34	73.80 ± 8.58	413.60 ± 41.91^†††	319.00 ± 5.89^ϕϕϕ,**	317.80 ± 35.15^ϕϕϕ,**	394.00 ± 43.52^###	275.80 ± 12.85^ϕϕϕ
Day 21	94.17 ± 9.28	75.80 ± 4.21	464.20 ± 52.01^†††	283.25 ± 6.75^ϕϕϕ,***	280.80 ± 27.52^ϕϕϕ,***	404.60 ± 49.83^###	228.00 ± 25.61^ϕϕϕ
Day 28	92.67 ± 3.67	75.00 ± 2.91	499.80 ± 42.69^†††	259.00 ± 3.37^ϕϕϕ,***	235.00 ± 16.57^ϕϕϕ,***	471.80 ± 20.56^###	141.00 ± 21.29^ϕϕϕ
Insulin (mIU/L)	24.67 ± 1.37	23.20 ± 2.77	9.00 ± 1.58^†††	15.00 ± 1.82^ϕϕ	19.00 ± 2.74^ϕϕϕ^,^#,***	11.20 ± 1.92	14.40 ± 1.95^ϕϕ

Data were expressed as mean ± SD

FBG: fasting blood glucose

^††P < 0.01, ^†††P < 0.001 versus normal control group

^ϕϕP < 0.01, ^ϕϕϕP < 0.001 versus diabetic control group

^#P < 0.05, ^###P < 0.001 versus diabetic + glibenclamide group

^**P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 versus diabetic + betanin 40 mg/kg group (differences among diabetic rats received betanin)