Table 2.

Comparison between malignant PDAC tissue samples with and without bacterial colonization

	Bacterial colonization (n = 13)	No bacterial colonization (n = 14)	P value
Male sex, n (%)	9 (69)	9 (64)	0.785
Age (years)	63.7 ± 9.5	64 ± 11.8	0.622
BMI (kg/m2)	28.7 ± 5.2	28.9 ± 3.6	0.934
Tumor stage, n (%)
IA	0	0	0.434
IB	2 (15)	5 (36)
IIA	2 (15)	3 (21)
IIB	8 (62)	6 (43)
III	1 (8)	0
IV	0	0
Tumor Location, n (%)
Head	13 (100)	5 (36)	0.002
Body	0	3 (21)
Tail	0	6 (43)
Preoperative biliary stent, n (%)
Stent	12 (92)	4 (29)	0.001
No Stent	1 (8)	10 (71)
Stent type, n (%)
Plastic	6 (46)	1 (7)	0.565
Metal	5 (38)	2 (14)
Unknown	1 (8)	1 (7)
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy, n (%)
None	7 (54)	10 (71)	0.303
Gemcitabine	3 (23)	4 (29)
Gemcitabine/Paclitaxel	2 (15)	0
Gemcitabine/Oxaliplatin	1 (8)	0
Operative procedure, n (%)
Pancreaticoduodenectomy (Whipple)	13 (100)	5 (36)	0.0004
Distal pancreatectomy and splenectomy	0	9 (64)
Perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis, n (%)
Cefazolin	5 (38)	7 (50)	0.123
Cefoxitin	6 (46)	1 (7)
Cefotetan	1 (8)	4 (29)
Clindamycin	1 (8)	0
Levofloxacin	0	1 (7)
Unknown	0	1 (7)
Infectious postoperative complications, n (%)
None	8 (62)	11 (79)	0.433
Superficial SSI	1 (8)	2 (14)
Deep/organ-space SSI	2 (15)	0
Pancreatic anastomotic leak	3 (23)	2 (14)
Clostridium difficile colitis	2 (15)	0
Urinary tract infection	1 (8)	1 (7)
Parotiditis	1 (8)	0
Survival, n (%)
Short-term survival (<  5 years)	7 (54)	10 (71)	0.616
Long-term survival (>  5 years)	3 (23)	0
Lost to follow up	3 (23)	4 (29)

Continuous data presented as mean ± standard deviation. Bold indicates statistical significance (P < 0.05). BMI Body mass index, SSI Surgical site infection