Table 3.

Coping style and mobile phone addiction: Univariate analysis of variance for moderator variables (categorical variables)

Moderators	Between-group effect (QBET)	k	N	r	95%CI	Homogeneity test within each group (QW)	I2
Positive coping style
Participants type	0.50
Middle school students		6	3635	0.01	[− 0.10, 0.12]	48.96***	89.8
Vocational college students		3	3392	− 0.02	[− 0.15, 0.11]	26.26***	92.4
Undergraduate		18	10,105	− 0.03	[− 0.07, 0.01]	64.73***	73.7
Proportion of women	0.67
≥ 0.6		12	6800	− 0.04	[− 0.08, 0.01]	40.24***	72.7
< 0.6		15	10,736	− 0.01	[− 0.06, 0.05]	99.16***	85.9
Publication type	13.89***
Journal		19	13,716	− 0.05	[− 0.09, − 0.02]	82.73***	78.2
Dissertation		8	3820	0.07	[0.02, 0.12]	17.66*	60.4
MPA measurement	14.60**
MPATS		9	5773	− 0.03	[− 0.10, 0.04]	44.87***	82.2
MPAI		12	8372	0.02	[− 0.03, 0.06]	43.37***	74.6
SAS-C		1	1041	− 0.13	[− 0.19, − 0.07]	0.00	N/A
Others		5	2350	− 0.06	[− 0.17, 0.04]	24.88***	83.9
CS measurement	0.36						0.28
CSQ		6	2649	− 0.04	[− 0.14, 0.05]	29.90***	83.3
SCSQ		15	10,851	− 0.01	[− 0.06, 0.03]	68.53***	79.6
Others		6	3632	− 0.01	[− 0.10, 0.09]	40.68***	87.7
Negative coping style
Participants type	1.82
Middle school students		5	3076	0.31	[0.25, 0.36]	9.55*	58.1
Vocational college students		4	4039	0.19	[− 0.10, 0.49]	230.15***	98.7
Undergraduate		22	12,314	0.35	[0.29, 0.41]	215.06***	90.2
Proportion of women	0.01
≥ 0.6		16	9009	0.32	[0.28, 0.36]	49.41***	69.6
< 0.6		16	11,024	0.32	[0.22, 0.42]	422.08***	96.4
Publication type	0.13
Journal		22	14,853	0.31	[0.27, 0.36]	147.13***	85.7
Dissertation		10	5180	0.34	[0.18, 0.51]	326.61***	97.2
MPA measurement	3.69
MPATS		10	6132	0.30	[0.16, 0.44]	240.01***	96.3
MPAI		14	8976	0.34	[0.25, 0.43]	212.90***	93.9
SAS-C		3	2021	0.37	[0.32, 0.41]	0.00	N/A
Others		5	2904	0.29	[0.22, 0.36]	13.28*	69.9
CS measurement	6.51*
CSQ		7	3053	0.21	[0.04, 0.39]	144.03***	95.8
SCSQ		20	13,664	0.37	[0.31, 0.44]	246.85***	92.3
Others		5	3316	0.27	[0.20, 0.34]	14.62**	72.6

*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001