Table 1.
Characteristics of included clinical trials in the meta-analysis
| Author, year | Country | Age of recruitment (year) | Age of analysis (year) | Follow-up time (year) | No. of cases | No. of participants | Characteristics |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kaluza, 2020 | Swedish | 48–83 | 63.6 ± 9.4 | 16.6 | 1870 | 33,780 | The Swedish Mammography Cohort |
| Farvid, 2018 | Amercia | 25–42 | 37.1 ± 4.6 | NA | 4509 | 90,503 | The Nurses’ Health Study II cohort |
| Fraser, 2020 | Amercia | ≥30 | 57.1 ± 3.5 | 7.9 | 1057 | 25,795 | The Adventist Health Study-2 |
| Genkinger, 2013 | Amercia | 21–69 | NA | 12 | 1268 | 59,027 | The Black Women’s Health Study |
| Kesse-Guyot, 2007 | French | 35–60 | 51.2 ± 6.3 | 8 | 92 | 3627 | The French SU.VI.MAX Study |
| Knekt, 1996 | Finland | 15–90 | 39.1 ± 16.5 | 25 | 88 | 4697 | The Finnish Mobile Clinic Health Examination Survey |
| Shin, 2002 | Amercia | 35–70 | 46.7 ± 7.6 | 16.5 | 3482 | 88,691 | The Nurses’Health Study |
| Pala, 2009 | European | 25–70 | 50.8 ± 8.4 | 8.8 | 7119 | 319,826 | Cancer and Nutrition cohort |
| Marcondes, 2019 | Netherlands | ≥55 | 68.3 ± 8.7 | 17 | 199 | 3092 | The Rotterdam Study |
| Shin, 2019 | Korean | 40–69 | 52.7 ± 7.9 | 6.3 | 359 | 78,320 | The Health Examinees-Gem |
| Hjartåker, 2010 | Norway | 26–64 | 56.8 ± 6.7 | 8.6 | 1407 | 64,904 | The Norwegian Women and Cancer study |
| McCullough, 2005 | Amercia | 50–74 | 62.2 ± 4.2 | 9 | 2855 | 97,786 | The Cancer Prevention Study II Nutrition Cohort |
| Gaard, 1995 | England | 35–49 | 43.5 ± 8.4 | 7–13 | 248 | 25,892 | The Norwegian National Health Screening Services |
| Wirfält, 2011 | Sweden | 45–73 | NA | 10.3 | 544 | 17,035 | The Malmo Diet and Cancer Cohort |
| Yu, 2019 | China | 25–70 | NA | NA | 1286 | 2747 | NA |
| Franceschi, 1995 | Italy | 23–74 | 55.3 ± 4.3 | NA | 2569 | 55,175 | NA |
| Galván-Salazar, 2015 | Mexican | 40–65 | 50.7 ± 7.5 | NA | 97 | 201 | NA |
| Potischman, 2002 | Amercia | 20–44 | NA | NA | 568 | 2019 | NA |
| Jayalekshmi, 2009 | India | ≥20 | 46.4 ± 3.6 | NA | 792 | 1056 | NA |
| Hirose, 2003 | Japan | ≥30 | NA | NA | 2385 | 21,398 | NA |
| Bao, 2012 | China | 25–70 | NA | NA | 3443 | 6917 | The Shanghai Breast Cancer Study |
| Van ‘t Veer, 1991 | Netherlands | 25–44, 55–64 | NA | 1.5 | 133 | 422 | NA |
| Bahadoran, 2013 | Iran | 30–65 | 46.2 ± 8.9 | NA | 100 | 275 | NA |
| Toniolo, 1994 | Amercia | 35–65 | 52.2 ± 8.4 | 22.2 | 180 | 1009 | The New York University Women’s Health Study |
| Plagens-Rotman, 2017 | Poland | 21–84 | 52.5 ± 11.1 | NA | 79 | 762 | NA |
| Lima, 2008 | Brazil | 30–80 | 56.3 ± 6.8 | NA | 89 | 183 | NA |
| Lê, 1986 | French | 40–70 | NA | NA | 1010 | 2960 | NA |
| Shannon, 2003 | Amercia | 50–64 | NA | NA | 440 | 810 | NA |
| Kato, 1992 | Japan | ≥20 | NA | NA | 908 | 1816 | NA |
| Mobarakeh, 2014 | Iran | 20–65 | 40.2 ± 10.1 | NA | 53 | 93 | NA |
| Potischman, 1998 | Amercia | ≤45 | NA | NA | 1647 | 3148 | NA |
| McCann, 2017 | Amercia | 35–75 | 45.5 ± 5.9 | NA | 1857 | 3059 | NA |
| Zhang, 2011 | China | 25–70 | 47.0 ± 9.5 | NA | 438 | 876 | NA |
| van’t Veer, 1989 | Netherlands | 25–64 | NA | NA | 133 | 548 | NA |
| Ronco, 2002 | Uruguay | ≤85 | NA | NA | 111 | 333 | NA |
| Ahmadnia, 2016 | Iran | 36–50 | NA | NA | 225 | 450 | NA |
NA: not available