Table 2.

The list of available molecular methods being used for coronavirus detection

PCR-based methods	Real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), TaqMan for different types of coronaviruses E, S, RdRp, N, nsp10 genes (SARS-CoV-2) QPCR time is up to 1 h, needs RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis before QPCR, which needs different times according to the in-use kits
Isothermal nucleic acid amplification-based methods	Reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) Time of test is 30–40 min, needs RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis before QPCR, which have different time uses according to the in-use kits Rolling circle amplification (RCA) RCA needs 90 min, needs RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis before QPCR, which have different time uses according to the in-use kits
Microarray based methods	Detect accurately single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) mutations Spike (S) gene sequence of SARS-CoV-1, needs RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis before QPCR, which have different time uses according to the in-use kits. Subsequently needs amplification of the cDNA sample which takes about 1 h Mobile Analysis Platform (MAP) MERS detection Microarray using ligase detection reaction (LDR) and RT-PCR Detect single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) mutations SARS-CoV-1
Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas-based methods	SHERLOCK, CASLFA, CRISPR/Cas12-DETECTOR N and E genes (SARS-CoV-2) Time of test is < 40 min, needs RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis and LAMP before test