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. 2021 Oct 12;13:1823–1863. doi: 10.2147/NSS.S332474

Table 3.

Results of Meta-Analyses for Existing RCTs

Comparison Study (n); Participants (n) Outcomes Mean/Std. Mean Difference IV, Random, 95% CI p
Acupuncture vs waitlist-control or placebo-/sham- acupuncture RCTs (n = 4); PMI women (n = 283) PSQI MD = −4.03, 95% CI (−6.85, −1.21) <0.01
RCTs (n < 3, no meta-analysis); PMD women (n = 126)  - - -
Acupuncture vs hypnotic RCTs (n = 12); PMI women (n = 1204) PSQI MD = −2.24, 95% CI (−3.13, −1.36) <0.01
RCTs (n = 4); PMI women (n = 274) KI MD = −5.95, 95% CI (−10.68, −1.21) 0.01
Acupuncture vs antidepressant/antidepressant + HRT RCTs (n = 21); PMD women (n = 1842) HAMD at post-treatment SMD = −0.54, 95% CI (−0.91, −0.16) <0.01
RCTs (n = 3); PMD women (n = 169) HAMD at 2-week follow-up SMD= −0.64, 95% CI (−0.95, −0.33) 0.01
RCTs (n = 6); PMD women (n = 504) HAMD at 4-week follow-up SMD = −1.36, 95% CI (−2.72, 0.00) 0.05
RCTs (n = 3); PMD women (n = 341) HAMD at 12-week follow-up SMD = −2.73, 95% CI (−6.14, 0.67) 0.12
RCTs (n = 5); PMD women (n = 410) KI MD= −2.80, 95% CI (−5.60, −0.01) 0.05
Acupuncture + hypnotics vs hypnotics RCTs (n = 4); PMI women (n = 308) PSQI MD = −2.80, 95% CI (−4.23, −1.37) <0.01
Acupuncture + antidepressant/antidepressant + HRT vs antidepressant or antidepressant + HRT RCTs (n = 3); PMD women (n = 275) HAMD at post-treatment SMD = −0.82, 95% CI (−1.07, −0.58) <0.01

Note: Data from references 19 and 50.

Abbreviations: PSQI, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; KI, Kupperman Index; HAMD, Hamilton Depression Scale; HRT, hormone replacement therapy.