FIG. 4.

Multi-organ models for simulation of gut–liver interactions: gut and liver compartments were integrated in a single chip. (a) Cell culture medium was circulated by integrated valve and pump. Tsamandouras et al., AAPS J. 19, 1499 (2017). Copyright 2017 Author(s), licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license.⁸⁰ (b) Cell culture medium was circulated by gravity-induced flow. Reprinted with permission from Lee et al., Biomed. Microdevices 19, 100 (2017). Copyright 2017 Springer Nature.⁸³