Table 1. Basic status of sample trees.

Sample plot	I	II	III	IV	V	VI
Tree age (a)	59	50	62	64	65	59
Longitude	111°32′33″	111°32′28″	111°32′25″	111°32′24″	111°32′26″	111°32′25″
Latitude	37°51′21″	37°51′19″	37°51′17″	37°51′15″	37°51′20″	37°51′20″
Altitude (m)	2066	2060	2029	2018	2025	2023
Slope (°)	13	23	25	22	18	21
Aspect	NW	NW	NW	NW	NW	NW
Density (tree/ha)	125	250	175	125	50	50
Crown density (%)	30	20	10	10	50	20
DBH (cm)	35.7 ± 2.9	31.5 ± 8.0	24.1 ± 13.6	32.5 ± 12.2	34.7 ± 2.1	37.9 ± 2.2
Height (m)	23.9 ± 3.0	17.8 ± 5.4	19.8 ± 8.7	16.5 ± 3.7	14.5 ± 0.7	24.0 ± 0.1
Regeneration density (tree/ha)	6000	8175	10725	11225	9325	5500
Main Vegetation	Rosa multiflora, Acer tataricum, Geranium wilfordii, Chrysanthemum chanetii, Thymus mongolocus	Acer tataricum, Berberis amurensis, Aster trinervius, Chrysanthemum chanetii	Spiraea salicifolia, Acer tataricum, Rosa multiflora, Fragaria orientalis, Lathyrus humilis	Rosa multiflora, Acer tataricum, Chrysanthemum chanetii, Fragaria orientalis, Carex duriuscula	Spiraea salicifolia, Acer tataricum, Rosa multiflora, Berberis amurensis, Astragalus mongholicus	Rosa multiflora, Spiraea salicifolia, Acer tataricum, Vicia amoena, Fragaria orientalis

Notes.

NW is the northwest aspect of each plot.