FIGURE 1.

Effects of diet on time‐dependent intestinal parameters and lifespan in Drosophila. After eclosion Drosophila were raised for five days on standard yeast medium then switched on day 5 to diets containing 0.5–5% (w/v) yeast extract (YE). Effects of YE% on (a) intestinal permeability in w¹¹¹⁸  flies, (b) number of intestinal apoptotic cells, and (c) number of intestinal proliferating stem cells measured using phosphohistone H3 (PH3). (d‐h) Relationships between median lifespan, intestinal permeability, intestinal apoptotic number and intestinal PH3‐positive cell number of w¹¹¹⁸ and canton S flies. Lines were fit using either linear regression (d‐g) or exponential growth (h). (i‐k) Effect of YE% on intestinal gene expression normalized to Rp49 then expressed as fold change relative to 5% YE. Panels show (i) inflammatory and damage markers (j) intestinal tight junction genes and (k) antioxidant genes. Data are means ± SEM of n = 3 biological replicates each using 200 flies (a), or 12 (b, c) or 15 (i‐k) dissected intestines. *p < 0.05, ***p < 0.0001 by ANCOVA (a‐c) or one‐way ANOVA with Tukey's post‐test with Dunnett's multiple comparisons test (i‐k). Lines in (d‐g) were fit using linear regression, and the line in (h) was fit using exponential regression. F, F‐value; p, p‐value