FIGURE 4.

Effects of S3QELs in intestinal‐specific overexpression and knockdown of Hif‐1α in Drosophila reared on 5.0% YE diet. Intestinal enterocyte‐specific knockdown or overexpression of Hif‐1α was achieved using driver 5966(GS)‐GAL4. S3QELs were used at 8 µM. Effect of Hif‐1α overexpression in the presence of S3QELs on (a) lifespan, (b) intestinal permeability, and (c) number of intestinal apoptotic cells. Effect of Hif‐1α knockdown in the presence of S3QELs on (d) lifespan, (e) intestinal permeability, and (f) number of intestinal apoptotic cells. Data are means ± SEM of n = 3 biological replicates each using 140 flies (a, d), or 12 intestines (c, f). ***p < 0.0001 by either one‐way ANOVA with Dunnett's multiple comparisons test (c, f) or three‐way ANOVA (b, e). Lifespan curves in (a, d) were analyzed using the Cox proportional hazards model. Shaded boxes in lifespan graphs (a‐d) indicate the 5‐day post‐eclosion period before flies were transferred to 5% YE. coef, coefficient; F, F‐value; p, p‐value