FIGURE 6.

Inhibition of FOXO1 or autophagy compromised the antioxidative and anti‐inflammatory actions of AVE in mice. (a, b) The selective FOXO1 inhibitor, AS, and the autophagy inhibitor, CQ, abrogated the immune‐regulatory effect of AVE on microglial polarization. (c) AS and CQ both inhibited AVE‐induced alleviation of microglial activation (IBA‐1 staining) and ROS generation (DHE staining) following LPS exposure. (d, e) Representative western blots (d) and statistical graphs (e) of the major components of NLRP3 inflammasomes. Scale bar = 50 μm. Data are means ± SD (n = 6–7). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 compared to control group. ⁺ p < 0.05, ⁺⁺ p < 0.01 compared to LPS group. ^# p < 0.05, ^## p < 0.01 compared to LPS + AVE group