TABLE 1.

Associations of biological aging measures with anthropometric and lifestyle variables at baseline: estimates, 95% confidence intervals, and p‐values were derived from multivariate linear regression models. The effect of each baseline characteristic on DNAmGrimAA and EML is adjusted for all the other covariates in the table

	DNAmGrimAA		EML
	Estimate (95% CI)	p	Estimate (95% CI)	p
BMI (ref. <25)	‐	‐	‐	‐
25–30	0.80 (0.11; 1.49)	0.02	0.23 (−0.06; 0.52)	0.14
>30	2.53 (1.28; 3.78)	0.0001	−0.10 (−0.65; 0.45)	0.73
Smoking (ref. Never)	‐	‐	‐	‐
Former	0.88 (0.23; 1.52)	0.01	−0.17 (−0.44; 0.10)	0.10
Education (ref. Primary)	‐	‐	‐	‐
secondary	0.08 (−0.70; 0.86)	0.85	−0.05 (−0.38; 0.28)	0.78
University or above	0.47 (−0.37; 1.31)	0.27	−0.01 (−0.36; 0.34)	0.94
Physical Activity (ref. Inactive)	‐	‐	‐	‐
Mod. Inactive	0.00 (−0.84; 0.84)	0.99	−0.13 (−0.48; 0.22)	0.47
Mod. Active	−0.79 (−1.69; 0.11)	0.09	−0.06 (−0.43; 0.31)	0.75
Active	−0.14 (−1.20; 0.92)	0.80	0.10 (−0.35; 0.55)	0.66
Coffee (ref. <= 3 cups/day)	‐	‐	‐	‐
> 3 cups/day	−0.26 (−0.91; 0.39)	0.43	0.08 (−0.19; 0.35)	0.57
Alcohol (ref. Never)	‐	‐	‐	‐
<= 1 drink/day	0.14 (−0.74; 1.02)	0.75	0.04 (−0.33; 0.41)	0.83
> 1 drink/day	0.85 (−0.23; 1.93)	0.12	0.30 (−0.15; 0.75)	0.20
Dietary style (ref. good)	‐	‐	‐	‐
bad	0.43 (−0.22; 1.08)	0.19	−0.07 (−0.34; 0.20)	0.64
Breastfeeding (ref. <= 3 months)	‐	‐	‐	‐
> 3 months	0.11 (−0.54; 0.76)	0.73	−0.17 (−0.44; 0.10)	0.23
Oral contraceptives (ref. Never)	‐	‐	‐	‐
Ever	−0.11 (−0.76; 0.54)	0.74	0.22 (−0.05; 0.49)	0.11
Menopausal hormones (ref. Never)	‐	‐	‐	‐
Ever	0.02 (−0.69; 0.73)	0.95	−0.16 (−0.45; 0.13)	0.30