FIGURE 5.

Differences in the serum expression of colony‐stimulating factor (CSF) between lung cancer patients and healthy controls. (a) Serum levels of granulocyte CSF (G‐CSF) and granulocyte‐monocyte CSF (GM‐CSF) in healthy controls and lung cancer patients were detected by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays, and absorbance was read at 492 nm using an enzyme‐labeling instrument. The concentrations were calculated according to the standard curve. (b) The efficacy of G‐CSF and GM‐CSF as clinical diagnostic indices was determined using receiver‐operating characteristic curves and analyzed using SPSS 27.0 software. (c) Short‐term therapeutic effects of serum G‐CSF concentrations and corresponding computed tomography images of the lungs in lung cancer patients with progressive disease, stable disease, or partial response status in the short‐term. (d–f) correlations between the occurrence of gene mutation status, CA19‐9 concentration, neutrophil count, and G‐CSF concentration. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001