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Algorithm of surgical treatment in the control group (VATS pleurectomy). Phase II patients all had a chest tube drain inserted and antibiotic therapy. A VATS pleurectomy was only performed if a patient's condition worsened. Phase III patients underwent VATS pleurectomy. The open approach was reserved for cases of decortication, control of bleeding or lung surface control (adhesion). A posterolateral thoracotomy with dissection of the latissimus dorsi muscle is always proposed
