Table 2.
Violence exposure and different experienced forms of violence
| Violence exposure—types | n (%) |
|---|---|
| Ever exposed to violence before COVID-19 pandemic | 194 (38.1) |
| Exposed to violence during COVID-19 pandemic | 223 (43.8) |
| Type of violence (n = 223) a | |
| Emotional violence | 214 (96.0) |
| Physical violence | 91 (40.8) |
| Sexual violence | 30 (13.5) |
| Emotional violence (n = 214) a | |
| Insulted her or made her feel bad about herself | 163 (76.2) |
| Humiliated her in front of others | 113 (52.8) |
| Threatened to harm her or harm someone she cares about | 67 (31.3) |
| Any form of physical or sexual violence | 42 (19.6) |
| Other forms of emotional violence | 122 (57.0) |
| Physical violence (n = 91) a | |
| Shook or pushed her | 79 (86.8) |
| Twisted her arm or pulled her hair | 51 (56.0) |
| Punched her with a fist | 46 (50.5) |
| Slapped her | 44 (48.4) |
| Kicked, dragged, or beat her | 32 (35.2) |
| Threatened or attacked her with a knife or other weapon | 21 (23.1) |
| Tried to strangle or intentionally burn her | 15 (16.5) |
| Other forms of physical violence | 35 (38.5) |
| Injuries resulted from physical violence (n = 91) | |
| Bruises | 21 (23.1) |
| Cut wounds | 1 (1.1) |
| Eye injuries | 4 (4.4) |
| Burns | 1 (1.1) |
| Sexual violence (n = 30) a | |
| Forced her to have sexual relation when she did not want | 27 (90.0) |
| Physically forced her to do any other sexual acts that she did not want | 21 (70.0) |
| Threatened her to perform sexual acts she did not want | 13 (43.3) |
| Other forms of sexual violence | 18 (60) |
| Offenders (n = 223) a | |
| Husband—ex husband | 98 (43.9) |
| Male family member not husband | 56 (25.1) |
| Female family member | 44 (19.7) |
| Preferred not to answer | 90 (40.4) |
| Non-family | 32 (14.3) |
| Response (n = 223) | |
| Nothing | 120 (53.8) |
| Told someone but not for help | 52 (23.3) |
| Faced situation herself and took an action | 51 (22.9) |
aParticipants reported more than one answer