Table 4.
Results of the full linear regression model analysing associations with vaccination intention (adjusted R2 = .698). Parameter estimates relate to the full model containing all predictors. The unstandardised regression coefficients represent the change in likelihood of vaccination for a one-unit increase in the predictor variable (or, for dummy variables, a shift from the reference category to the category concerned). The figures under ‘% variance explained’ represent the percentage of variance in the outcome variable uniquely explained by the item (or set of dummy variables) concerned. The model was based on 1401 cases with complete data.
| Predictor variable | Level | Standardised coefficient | Unstandardised coefficient | 99% confidence interval | P value | % variance explained |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Block 1 – personal and clinical characteristics | ||||||
| Age | Years | .046 | .008 | –.001, .018 | .023 | .11 |
| Sex (reference: female) | Male | –.024 | –.135 | –.364, .094 | .129 | .05 |
| Ethnicity (reference: black and minority ethnic) | White | –.002 | –.016 | –.378, .346 | .907 | <.01 |
| Religion (reference: none) | .935 | <.01 | ||||
| Christian | .000 | .003 | –.249, .255 | |||
| Other | .006 | .068 | –.414, .549 | |||
| Qualifications (reference: other) | Degree equivalent or higher | .028 | .162 | –.070, .393 | .066 | .07 |
| Employment status (reference: not working/other) | .336 | .05 | ||||
| Part-time | .014 | .105 | –.236, .446 | |||
| Full-time | –.014 | –.080 | –.356, .197 | |||
| Key worker (reference: not key worker) | Key worker | –.003 | –.018 | –.280, .245 | .863 | <.01 |
| Extremely clinically vulnerable – self (reference: no) | Yes | –.023 | –.155 | –.444, .134 | .166 | .04 |
| Extremely clinically vulnerable – household member (reference: no) |
Yes |
–.022 |
–.173 |
–.474, .129 |
.140 |
.05 |
| Block 2 – previous influenza vaccination | ||||||
| Did you/will you have a vaccination for influenza last/this winter? (reference: no) |
Yes |
.047 |
.270 |
.012, .528 |
.007a |
.14 |
| Block 3 – general vaccination beliefs and attitudes | ||||||
| Vaccination is generally good (0–10) | 0–10 scale | .011 | .018 | –.079, .116 | .627 | .01 |
| I am afraid of needles (0–10) |
0–10 scale |
.016 |
.014 |
–.021, .049 |
.295 |
.02 |
| Block 4 – beliefs and attitudes about COVID-19 | ||||||
| Perceived risk of COVID-19 to people in the UK (reference: major) | .822 | .02 | ||||
| None/minor | –.012 | –.166 | –.897, .565 | |||
| Moderate | .007 | .063 | –.380, .507 | |||
| Significant | .002 | .015 | –.261, .290 | |||
| Perceived risk of COVID-19 to oneself (reference: major) | .021 | .21 | ||||
| None/minor | .059 | .407 | –.190, 1.005 | |||
| Moderate | .082 | .493 | .036, .951 | |||
| Significant | .067 | .429 | .034, .824 | |||
| Do you have/have you had COVID-19? (reference: probably/definitely) | .288 | .08 | ||||
| Probably not | .028 | .163 | –.180, .586 | |||
| Definitely not | –.002 | –.010 | –.375, .355 | |||
| Don't know | .018 | .164 | –.283, .610 | |||
| Do you know anybody who has had COVID-19? (reference: no) | Yes | .005 | .032 | –.246, .310 | .764 | .02 |
| Component 1: perceived severity of COVID-19 | –.028 | –.083 | –.257, .091 | .219 | .03 | |
| Component 2: individual vulnerability to COVID-19 | –.045 | –.130 | –.308, .048 | .060 | .08 | |
| Component 3: trust in COVID-19 management | –.005 | –.015 | –.144, .114 | .766 | <.01 | |
| Component 4: impact of COVID-19 on one's life |
–.011 |
–.031 |
–.156, .093 |
.513 |
.01 |
|
| Block 5 – beliefs and attitudes about COVID-19 vaccination | ||||||
| Component 5: social norms | .378 | 1.106 | .954, 1.259 | <.001a | 7.55 | |
| Component 6: the necessity of vaccination | .460 | 1.329 | 1.172, 1.487 | <.001a | 10.20 | |
| Component 7: safety of the vaccine | .370 | 1.068 | .923, 1.212 | <.001a | 7.83 | |
| Component 8: adequacy of information about the vaccine | .148 | .431 | .308, .554 | <.001a | 1.76 | |
| Component 9: freedom from restrictions through the vaccine | .015 | .043 | –.077, .164 | .353 | .02 | |
| The way the coronavirus vaccines are being given in the UK goes against the manufacturers’ recommendations | .005 | .005 | –.035, .045 | .751 | <.01 | |
| Only people who are at risk of serious illness from coronavirus need to be vaccinated | 0–10 scale | –.064 | –.061 | –.106, −.016 | .001a | .26 |
| Widespread coronavirus vaccination is just a way to make money for vaccine manufacturers | 0–10 scale | –.060 | –.067 | –.128, −.006 | .004a | .18 |
a
p ≤ .01.