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. 2021 Oct 4;12:722258. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2021.722258

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Copyright © 2021 Subash-Babu, Al-Saran, M. Alshammari, Naif Al-Harbi, Hussain Alhussain, Shamlan, Abdulaziz AlSedairy and Abdullah Alshatwi.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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In vitro cytotoxicity (2A), light microscopic (2Bi), propidium iodide (2Bii), and JC-1 staining (2Biii) florescence microscopic image analysis of vehicle control, BSE, CSE, and BSE-SLNp treated human mesenchymal stem cells after 48 h. Each value is means ± SD (n = 6). *p ≤ 0.05 by comparison with vehicle control. In PI staining, the nucleus appeared to be normal and there are no signs of shrunken, pyknosis, or apoptotic nucleus. JC-1 fluorescence images showing merged images of the red and green signals of the dye, corresponding to JC-1 in J-aggregates vs. monomeric form. We found less J-aggregates and hypertrophic adipocyte in control cells. In BSE-SLNp treated adipocyte showing high J-aggregates directly representing (high MMP, Δψ_m) active mitochondria compared to BSE or CSE.