Table 1.

Frequencies^a and examples of the term “normal” within classification systems

	Frequency	Examples
DSM-Vb	366 instances 1x/2.7 pages	“normal life variation,” “abnormalities of emotional or cognitive processing,” “normal fluency of speech,” “normal developmental variations,” “normal sexual desire,” “normal pattern of learning academic skills,” “abnormal social approach,” “normal level of intellectual functioning,” “abnormality of emotional processing”
ICD-10c	259 instances 1x/1.0 pages	“abnormalities of behaviour,” “normal social inhibitions,” “abnormal mood states,” “normal family relationships,” “normal sense of (fe)maleness,” “normal children”
ICD-11	1445 instances 1x/1.2 pages	“abnormal social behaviour,” “normal personality characteristics,” “normal delivery,” “normal range of life experiences,” “normal skin,” “normal grief,”, “normal speech,” “normal menopause”

^aAuthor’s own counting;

^bIn comparison, within DSM-I 19 instances (1x/7.6 pages);

^cClassification of Mental and Behavioural Disorders—Clinical descriptions and diagnostic guidelines.