Table 1.

PICOS, inclusion criteria, and exclusion criteria applied to database search.

PICOS	Inclusion criteria	Exclusion criteria
Population	Postgraduate emergency medicine physicians and residents Nurses and allied health personnel including occupational therapist, physiotherapist and pharmacist, social workers, dieticians and nutritionist, and supporting clinical staff	Alternative medicine, nonmedical specialties (eg dentistry)
Intervention	Educational interventions for physicians about interprofessional communication through face-to-face or real-time virtual communication approaches	Evaluation tools on multidisciplinary communication Educational interventions that are ONLY for other members of health care team about interprofessional communication with physicians and do not involve physicians at all
Comparison	Comparison of educational strategies, assessment methods, outcomes measures and challenges in developing interprofessional communication
Outcome	Strategies to develop interprofessional communication, assessment methods on the effectiveness of interventions Outcomes and challenges in developing interprofessional communication
Study design	Articles in English or translated to English Variety of study designs not limited to mixed methods research, randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, case-control studies, cross-sectional studies, and descriptive papers Year of Publication: 1 January 2000 to 31 December 2020 Databases: PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Scopus, PsycINFO, ERIC, JSTOR, and Google Scholar, OpenGrey