Table 3.
Summary of main functional and structural connectivity findings from studies with rs-fMRI data in ALS.
| Publication | ALS | Controls | Main finding |
|---|---|---|---|
| Functional connectivity: resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging | |||
| Ogura et al. 36 | 71 | 69 | Decreased intrinsic connectivity in the posterior right fusiform and the lingual gyrus, related to semantic deficit in ALS |
| Trojsi et al. 37 | 54 | 22 | Decreased functional connectivity in the sensorimotor network, default mode network, frontoparietal network, and salience network |
| Ma et al. 89 | 54 | 54 | Increased dynamic regional homogeneity in the left lingual gyrus; decreased dynamic regional homogeneity in the left rectus gyrus and left parahippocampal gyrus |
| Li et al. 90 | 38 | 35 | Decreased short-range functional connectivity density in the primary motor cortex; increased long-range functional connectivity density in the premotor cortex |
| Loewe et al. 91 | 64 | 38 | Decreased functional connectivity in motor-related areas; widespread functional connectivity changes across the temporo-occipital cortex |
| Hu et al. 28 | 42 | 21 | Decreased regional homogeneity in sensorimotor cortices; increased regional homogeneity in parietal and cerebellar areas, associated with cognitive impairment |
| Bharti et al. 44 | 71 | 56 | Decreased functional connectivity between the dentate nucleus and the right precentral gyrus/the supplementary motor area/frontal, parietal, temporal, and infratentorial regions |
| Qiu et al. 39 | 60 | 60 | Decreased functional connectivity between the precentral cortex and sensorimotor areas/parieto-occipital regions/the cerebellum |
| Trojsi et al. 38 | 32 | 21 | Decreased functional connectivity within the limbic system and between the limbic system and frontal/cerebellar areas |
| Agosta et al. 31 | 67 | 22 | Increased functional connectivity within the sensorimotor network and the dorsal attention network |
| Cheng et al. 65 | 60 | 60 | Decreased self-inhibitory influence in the precentral gyrus |
| Chen et al. 92 | 32 | 45 | Decreased temporal variability in functional network connectivity, with aberrant connectivity between the default mode network/cognitive control network and the sensorimotor network |
| Basaia et al. 93 | 173 | 79 | Increased functional connectivity in sensorimotor, basal ganglia, and frontal areas and to a lesser extent in temporal and parietal areas |
| Structural connectivity and connectomics | |||
| Meier et al. 94 | 60 | 120 | Connectome-based random walker aggregation levels can explain disease stages and contribute to survival prediction via deep learning |
| Serra et al. 95 | 39 | 15 | Strong-Weak Pruning for brain network identification reveals impaired structural connectivity between the frontal and temporal/parietal cortex and between the temporal and occipital cortex |
| van der Burgh et al. 68 | 268 | 156 | Reduced structural connectivity in the motor network |
| Basaia et al. 93 | 173 | 79 | Lower mean local efficiency as a global network property and regionally decreased structural connectivity in sensorimotor, basal ganglia, frontal, and parietal areas |
| Zhang et al. 96 | 60 | 60 | Increased path length, clustering coefficient, small-world index, and local efficiency; decreased global efficiency; altered nodal degree and betweenness in frontal lobe areas |
| Fortanier et al. 97 | 25 | 26 | Decreased global efficiency and decreased mean degree in the left postcentral gyrus and in the left interparietal and transverse parietal sulci |
ALS, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; rs-fMRI, resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging.