Table 5.
Summary of main findings from studies with special MRI modalities or analyses in ALS.
| Publication | Method | ALS | Controls | Main finding |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Reischauer et al. 101 | MRS | 24 | 27 | Altered diffusivity for several spectoscopic parameters in the precentral gyrus; reduced tNAA in the precentral gyrus |
| Grapperon et al. 102 | Sodium-MRI | 27 | 30 | Higher total sodium concentration in the right precentral gyrus and the corticospinal tract |
| Ishaque et al. 103 | Texture analysis | 83 | 74 | Texture analysis revealed alterations in the precentral gyrus, corticospinal tract, insula, basal ganglia, hippocampus, and frontal regions, including subcortical white matter |
| Müller et al. 104 | Texture analysis | 152 | 82 | Increased entropy in area II of the corpus callosum; increased inhomogeneity in areas I–III of the corpus callosum |
| Elahi et al. 12 | Texture analysis | 69 | 42 | Texture analysis of T1-slices of the corticospinal tract achieves disease classification in an ensemble stacking machine learning model |
| Wirth et al. 105 | T2-weighted FLAIR | 28 | 31 | Increased amount of FLAIR lesions in male patients, predominantly detected in the superior and posterior corona radiata, anterior capsula interna, and posterior thalamic radiation |
| Fabes et al. 106 | T2w FLAIR | 33 | 21 | Progressive FLAIR hyperintensity of the corticospinal tract |
| Shen et al. 27 | CBF | 55 | 20 | Reduced cerebral blood flow in the frontal lobe, insula, corpus callosum, and caudate in ALS-FTD |
| Welton et al. 54 | CBF | 21 | 63 | No significant difference in motor cortex perfusion |
ALS, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; CBF, cerebral blood flow; FLAIR, fluid-attenuated inversion recovery; FTD, frontotemporal dementia; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; MRS, magnetic resonance spectroscopy.