Table 6.

Comprehensive list of candidate regions for each modality to be included as feature in ML models for disease classification from cranial MRI in ALS.

Modality	Main regions	Further regions
T1	Precentral gyrus, thalamus, hippocampus, amygdala, insula, ACC, orbitofrontal cortex, middle frontal gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus	Paracentral lobule, operculum, temporal pole, postcentral gyrus, posterior cingulate, superior temporal gyrus, medial frontal cortex, parahippocampal gyus, caudate, putamen, nucleus accumbens
DTI	Corticospinal tract (subcortical, superior corona radiata, posterior limb of the internal capsule, cerebral peduncle, brainstem), corticopontine/corticorubral tract, corticostriatal pathway, perforant pathway, corpus callosum (genu, body and splenium)	Frontal and temporal lobe (as a whole), corona radiata, superior longitudinal fascicle
rs-fMRI	Precentral gyrus, postcentral gyrus, superior and middle frontal gyrus, middle temporal gyrus, operculum, insula, lingual gyrus	Inferior frontal gyrus, superior parietal lobule, supramarginal gyrus, angular gyrus, precuneus, occipital fusiform gyrus, occipital pole
SWI	Precentral gyrus	Striatum (higher susceptibility) and corticospinal tract (lower susceptibility)
MRS	Precentral gyrus (NAA and myo-inositol)	Supplementary motor area, postcentral gyrus, brainstem/pontine region
connectomics	Global efficiency	Nodal degree in frontal lobe

ACC, anterior cingulate cortex; ALS, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; DTI, diffusion tensor imaging; ML, machine learning; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; MRS, magnetic resonance spectroscopy; NAA, n-acetylaspartate; SWI, susceptibility-weighted imaging.