Table 2.
Treatment of 508 critically ill COVID-19 patients stratified by two waves [4]
| Overall | First wave | Second wave | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | 508 | 107 | 401 | – |
| IMV (%) | 274 (54.0) | 72 (67.3) | 202 (50.5) | 0.003 |
| NIV before IMV (%) | 202 (74.8) | 52 (77.6) | 150 (73.9) | 0.656 |
| HFNC before IMV (%) | 114 (42.2) | 15 (22.4) | 99 (48.8) | < 0.001 |
| NIV (never IMV) (%) | 194 (82.9) | 28 (80.0) | 166 (83.4) | 0.801 |
| HFNC (never IMV) (%) | 123 (52.8) | 9 (26.5) | 114 (57.3) | 0.002 |
| Prone positioning (%) | 234 (46.2) | 58 (54.2) | 176 (44.0) | 0.076 |
| Neuromuscular blockade (%) | – | – | – | < 0.001 |
| – No neuromuscular blockade | 393 (77.7) | 71 (66.4) | 322 (80.7) | – |
| – Intermittent neuromuscular blockade | 99 (19.6) | 26 (24.3) | 73 (18.3) | – |
| – Continuous neuromuscular blockade | 14 (2.8) | 10 (9.3) | 4 (1.0) | – |
| Vasopressors (%) | 274 (54.3) | 74 (69.2) | 200 (50.3) | 0.001 |
| RRT (%) | 69 (13.6) | 21 (19.6) | 48 (12.0) | 0.061 |
| Vv-ECMO (%) | 20 (3.9) | 6 (5.6) | 14 (3.5) | 0.475 |
| Days on IMV, median (IQR) | 13.00 (7.00–22.00) | 15.00 (10.75–24.00) | 11.00 (6.00–22.00) | 0.014 |
| Days on NIV, median (IQR) | 3.00 (1.00–6.00) | 3.00 (1.00–6.00) | 3.00 (1.00–7.00) | 0.563 |
| Days on HFNC, median (IQR) | 3.00 (1.00–6.00) | 1.00 (1.00–1.25) | 3.00 (1.00–6.00) | < 0.001 |
| Days with prone positioning, median (IQR) | 3.00 (2.00–6.00) | 4.00 (2.00–5.75) | 3.00 (2.00–6.00) | 0.611 |
| Days on RRT, median (IQR) | 8.00 (3.00–23.00) | 11.00 (3.00–26.00) | 6.00 (2.00–18.75) | 0.254 |
| Days on ECMO, median (IQR) | 23.50 (13.50–29.25) | 12.00 (11.25–14.25) | 26.50 (21.00–29.75) | 0.032 |
| Corticosteroids (%) | 384 (76.2) | 30 (29.1) | 354 (88.3) | < 0.001 |
The 107 patients from the first wave have been previously reported [4].
IQR interquartile range, IMV invasive mechanical ventilation, NIV noninvasive ventilation, HFNC high flow nasal cannula, RRT renal replacement therapy, vv-ECMO veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, NA not available