| Study | Reason for exclusion |
|---|---|
| Addington 1999 Study 1 | No acute stroke |
| Addington 1999 Study 2 | No acute stroke |
| Alsibai 2014 | No outcome of interest |
| Anderson 2016 | Does not compare tests |
| Archer 2015 Study 1 | No index or reference test of interest |
| Archer 2015 Study 2 | No index or reference test of interest |
| Armesto 2015 | No outcome of interest |
| Aviv 1997 | No outcome of interest |
| Aydogdu 2015 | Not limited to stroke patients |
| Babi 2014 | Does not compare tests |
| Bahia 2014 | Does not compare tests |
| Bahia 2016 | Not an acute setting |
| Bax 2013 | Does not compare tests |
| Bax 2014 | No index or reference test of interest |
| Benjamin 2015 | Not a single‐gate or 2‐gate study |
| Burks 2011 | No screening for dysphagia |
| Carnaby 2014 | No index or reference test of interest |
| Carrington 2013 | Does not compare tests |
| Chavarria 2015 | No screening for dysphagia |
| Choi 2010 | No index or reference test of interest |
| Chong 2003 | Not an acute setting |
| Cichero 2009 | Not limited to stroke patients |
| Clayton 2006 | No index or reference test of interest |
| Collins 1997 | Not an acute setting |
| Crary 2013 Study 1 | No index or reference test of interest |
| Crary 2013 Study 2 | No index or reference test of interest |
| Crary 2014 Study 1 | No index or reference test of interest |
| Crary 2014 Study 2 | No index or reference test of interest |
| Daniels 2009 | Does not compare tests |
| Davis‐De Geus 2009 | No outcome of interest |
| DePippo 1992 | Not an acute setting |
| Farneti 2015 | Index test undertaken by experts |
| Giraldo‐Cadavid 2015 | No outcome of interest |
| Guerra 2011 | Does not compare tests |
| Guillén‐Solà 2011 | No screening for dysphagia |
| Guillén‐Solà 2013 | Not an acute setting |
| Gurcay 2018 | Sample not restricted to acute stages of stroke |
| Higo 2003 | No index or reference test of interest |
| Joundi 2017 | Not a single‐gate or 2‐gate study |
| Karaca 2018 | Reference test MASA considered an SLT dysphagia assessment |
| Logemann 1999 | Not limited to stroke patients |
| Mandysova 2015 | Not limited to stroke patients |
| Marques 2008 | Does not compare tests |
| Martino 2009 Study 2 | No index or reference test of interest |
| Massey 2002 | Not all patients received the same reference test |
| McCullough 2001 | SLT dysphagia assessment, not screening |
| McCullough 2005 | No acute stroke |
| Moalli 2016 | Does not compare tests |
| Moon 2010 | No consecutive stroke patients |
| Mozzanica 2017 | Heterogeneous population. Stroke not analysed separately |
| Murray 2011 | No outcome of interest |
| NCT00306501 | No accuracy of screening |
| NCT00580138 | No index or reference test of interest |
| NCT01765673 | No accuracy of screening |
| NCT02080988 | No outcome of interest |
| NCT02848664 | Not limited to stroke patients |
| NCT03167892 | No accuracy of screening |
| Nomura 2014 | Does not compare tests |
| Oh 2016 | All patients had dysphagia or aspiration; therefore sensitivity/specificity cannot be calculated |
| Ohira 2013 | Not limited to stroke patients |
| Ohira 2017 | Not an acute setting |
| Osawa 2013 | No consecutive stroke patients |
| Ostrofsky 2016 | Index tests carried out by SLT/SLP |
| Palli 2017 | No reference test performed on same patients who had nurse swallow screen – the comparison was with case note data from historic SLT assessment |
| Pennsylvania Patient Safety Authority 2009 | Not limited to stroke patients |
| Perry 2000 | Does not compare tests |
| Perry 2001 Study 2 | Does not compare tests |
| Radhakrishnan 2013 | No screening for dysphagia |
| Rosenbek 2004 | SLT dysphagia assessment, not screening |
| Sato 2012 | Not an acute setting |
| Schrock 2011 | No index or reference test of interest |
| Sellars 1998 | All patients had dysphagia or aspiration; therefore sensitivity/specificity cannot be calculated |
| Smith Hammond 2009 | Index tests carried out by SLT/SLP |
| Sohn 2018 | Reference test is a retrospective evaluation of case records |
| Soria 2013 | Not limited to stroke patients |
| Stroke and Chewing 2012 | No outcome of interest |
| Sung 2018 | Does not compare tests |
| Sørensen 2013 | Does not compare tests |
| Tanuma 2002 | Not screening for dysphagia |
| Teramoto 2000 | Not an acute setting |
| Toscano 2019 | Index test undertaken by experts |
| Tuncay 2011 | Not index or reference test of interest |
| Umay 2013 | No acute stroke |
| Virvidaki 2019 | Index test undertaken by experts |
| Warnecke 2017 | Index tests carried out by SLT/SLP |
| Weinhardt 2008 | Does not compare tests |
| Ye 2018 | No reference test was included |
| Yeh 2011 | Does not compare tests |
| Zhang 2004 | All patients had dysphagia or aspiration; therefore sensitivity/specificity cannot be calculated |
MASA: Mann Assessment of Swallowing Ability. SLP: speech and language pathologist. SLT: speech and language therapist.