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. 2021 Oct 15;11:20513. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-99979-2

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Reduction of activated microglia in AAV9/ARSA-treated MLD mice. (a) Immunostaining for the microglia marker Iba1 in the cerebellum and spinal cord. (b) Fifteen-month-old untreated mice showed amoeboid microglia cells (arrows), which correspond to activated microglia. MLD mice treated with AAV9/ARSA at 1 year or 6 weeks of age and wild-type (WT) mice showed ramified microglia (arrow heads), which correspond to non-activated microglia. % of activated microglia was calculated as (number of activated microglia/ numbers of Iba1 positive cells). All calculations were done on random three fields of each mouse (untreated: n = 3, 1 year treated: n = 3, 6 week treated: n = 3, and WT: n = 3) Bar: 100 μM. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.0001.