Fig. 2. Ancestral genomes and accelerated non-random post-WGD rearrangements.

a Both ancestral and modern genomes were illustrated with a six-color code corresponding to protochromosomes of pre-WGD-1 ancestor. Under each modern chromosome, red circles indicate enriched fusions, while blue circles indicate depletion of fusions. MRCA most recent common ancestor, WGD whole-genome duplication, Mya million years ago. b Number of fissions on each pre-WGD-1 ancestor protochromosomes to shape three modern genomes. The p-value of enrichment and depletion were marked as red and blue “+”, respectively, p-value is calculated by z-test. The p-values for protochromosome 4 are 0.034 and 0.005 in P. somniferum and in P. setigerum, respectively; the p-value for protochromosome 2 is 0.004 in P. setigerum; the p-value for protochromosome 5 is 0.02 in P. setigerum. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.