Table 1.
Pathogens Among 499 MSM Presenting With Proctitis Compared With 506 Asymptomatic MSM
| Men With Proctitis (n = 499), No. (% [95% CI, %]) | Asymptomatic Men (n = 506), No. (% [95% CI, %]) | Risk Difference (95% CI), % | P Valuea | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic characteristics | ||||
| Age, median (IQR), y | 31 (26–38) | 32 (26–40) | – | .077 |
| HIV status and PrEP use, No. (%) | .074 | |||
| HIV-positive | 79 (15.8) | 75 (14.8) | – | |
| HIV-negative taking PrEP | 188 (37.7) | 226 (44.7) | – | |
| HIV-negative not taking PrEP | 232 (46.5) | 205 (40.5) | – | |
| Viral | ||||
| Adenovirus groups F and G | 0 (0 [0 to 0.7]) | 0 (0 [0 to 0.7]) | – | - |
| Astrovirus | 0 (0 [0 to 0.7]) | 10 (2.0 [1.0 to 3.6]) | –2.0 (–3.2 to –0.8) | .001 |
| HSV-1 | 63 (12.6 [9.8 to 15.9]) | 13 (2.6 [1.4 to 4.4]) | 10.1 (6.8 to 13.3) | <.001 |
| HSV-2 | 44 (8.8 [6.5 to 11.7) | 8 (1.6 [0.7 to 3.1]) | 7.2 (4.5 to 10.0) | <.001 |
| Norovirus genotype G1 | 2 (0.4 [0.0 to 1.4]) | 2 (0.4 [0.0 to 1.4]) | 0.0 (–0.8 to 0.8) | 1.000 |
| Norovirus genotype G2 | 1 (0.2 [0.0 to 1.1]) | 0 (0 [0 to 0.7]) | 0.2 (–0.2 to 0.6) | .497 |
| Rotavirus | 0 (0 [0 to 0.7]) | 3 (0.6 [0.1 to 1.7]) | –0.6 (–1.3 to 0.1) | .249 |
| Sapovirus | 2 (0.4 [0.0 to 1.4]) | 0 (0 [0 to 0.7]) | 0.4 (–0.2 to 1.0) | .246 |
| Varicella zoster virus | 0 (0 [0 to 0.7]) | 1 (0.2 [0.0 to 1.1]) | –0.2 (–0.6 to 0.2) | 1.000 |
| Bacterial | ||||
| Aeromonas spp. | 0 (0 [0 to 0.7]) | 3 (0.6 [0.1 to 1.7]) | –0.6 (–1.3 to 0.1) | .249 |
| Campylobacter spp. | 12 (2.4 [1.2 to 4.2]) | 13 (2.6 [1.4 to 4.4]) | –0.2 (–2.1 to 1.8) | 1.000 |
| Clostridium difficile | 1 (0.2 [0.0 to 1.1]) | 0 (0 [0 to 0.7]) | 0.2 (–0.2 to 0.6) | .497 |
| Mycoplasma genitalium | 47 (9.4 [7.0 to 12.3]) | 26 (5.1 [3.4 to 7.4]) | 4.3 (1.1 to 7.5) | .010 |
| Salmonella spp. | 1 (0.2 [0.0 to 1.1]) | 2 (0.4 [0.0 to 1.4]) | –0.2 (–0.9 to 0.5) | 1.000 |
| Shigatoxin 1 & 2 | 12 (2.4 [1.2 to 4.2]) | 9 (1.8 [0.8 to 3.3]) | 0.6 (–1.1 to 2.4) | .518 |
| Shigella spp. | 14 (2.8 [1.5 to 4.7]) | 5 (1.0 [0.3 to 2.3]) | 1.8 (0.1 to 3.5) | .038 |
| Treponema pallidum | 18 (3.6 [2.2 to 5.6]) | 0 (0 [0 to 0.7]) | 3.6 (2.0 to 5.2) | <.001 |
| Trichomonas vaginalis | 0 (0 [0 to 0.7]) | 0 (0 [0 to 0.7]) | – | - |
| Yersinia enterocolitica and pseudotuberculosis | 0 (0 [0 to 0.7]) | 8 (1.6 [0.7 to 3.1]) | –1.6 (–2.7 to –0.5) | .008 |
| Protozoal | ||||
| Cryptosporidium hominis & parvum | 1 (0.2 [0.0 to 1.1]) | 0 (0 [0 to 0.7]) | 0.2 (–0.2 to 0.6) | .497 |
| Entamoeba histolytica | 0 (0 [0 to 0.7]) | 2 (0.4 [0.0 to 1.4]) | –0.4 (–0.9 to 0.2) | .500 |
| Giardia spp. | 5 (1.0 [0.3 to 2.3]) | 7 (1.4 [0.6 to 2.8]) | –0.4 (–1.7 to 1.0) | .773 |
Abbreviations: HSV, herpes simplex virus; IQR, interquartile range; MSM, men who have sex with men; PrEP, pre-exposure prophylaxis.
aThe Fisher exact test was performed to compare proportions between men with proctitis and asymptomatic men. The Mann-Whitney U test was performed to compare median age.