Table 3.

Demographic and immunologic characteristics of study participants with preproinsulin ELISPOT assays

	New-onset T1D [n = 30]	Non-diabetic [n = 18]	P value*
Age, years			0.269
Mean (SD)	15.0 (6.1)	17.5 (9.0)
Median	13.4	14.5
Range	5.1 to 30.9	4.8 to 31.5
Gender			0.127
Female % [number]	27% [n = 8]	50% [n = 9]
Race/Ethnicity			0.293
Non-Hispanic White	80% [n = 27]	88% [n = 16]
Non-Hispanic Black	10% [n = 3]	0% [n = 0]
Hispanic	10% [n = 3]	6% [n = 1]
Asian	0% [n = 0]	6% [n = 1]
Diabetes duration, days
Mean (SD)	3.5 (4.0)	NA
Median	3.0	NA
Range	0 to 21	NA
Islet autoantibodies, % [number]
Insulin	47% [n = 14]	NA
GAD65	70% [n = 21]	NA
IA-2	67% [n = 20]	NA
ZnT8	63% [n = 19]	NA
Positive for ≥1, % [number]	87% [n = 26]	NA
HLA-A*02:01, % [number]			0.546
Present	62% [n = 18]	50% [n = 9]
Absent	38% [n = 11]	50% [n = 9]

SD = SD, NA = not applicable, GAD65 = glutamic acid decarboxylase 65, IA-2 = insulinoma antigen-2, ZnT8 = zinc transporter 8

^*P values for continuous variables use Student’s t test, categorical variables use Fisher’s exact test.