Fig. 3.

ND contrast elevation correlates with T1D onset in NOD mice. (A) Time course of ad libitum measured blood glucose in the NOD mice that received ND infusion. Arrows indicates time points of ND infusion and ultrasound scans. (B) Mean ad libitum blood glucose levels at 4, 7, and 10 wk of age prior to mice developing diabetes. (C) Scatterplot of mean contrast elevation against the time to diabetes onset for the pancreas of NOD mice measured at 10 wk of age. (D) Mean contrast elevation (averaged between 30 and 35 min following ND infusion) within the pancreas of NOD mice at 4, 7, and 10 wk of age prior to mice developing diabetes. Dashed line indicates the mean +2 SD of the contrast elevation measured in Rag1ko mice. (E) Index of mIAA levels measured in NOD mice at 4, 7, and 10 wk of age prior to mice developing diabetes. Dashed line indicates limit of detection. (F) Proportion of NOD mice that were mIAA positive or that showed a contrast elevation above baseline (as determined from Rag1ko mice) at each time point in D and E. Data in B and D represent n = 11 NOD mice, data in C represent n = 23 NOD mice (1 outlier, Grubbs test, empty circle), and data in E represent n = 8 NOD mice. A mixed-effects model was used to assess the statistical significance and generate the regression in C. The P value in D is 0.0013 (**P < 0.01) and 0.0376 (*P < 0.05), comparing conditions indicated (paired Student’s t test).